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Prevalencia de lesiones específicas de abuso en lactantes con lesiones previas evaluadas por abuso
Nara Cho1, Kristin G Crichton1, Sara Helwig2,3
1The Center for Family Safety and Healing, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, Ohio.
Pediatrics open science
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
Los lactantes con antecedentes de lesiones previas tienen más probabilidades de presentar lesiones específicas de abuso identificadas durante la evaluación de sospecha de abuso físico. Esto resalta la necesidad de evaluaciones exhaustivas en estos lactantes vulnerables.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Pediatría
- Pediatría de Abuso Infantil
- Medicina Forense
Sus antecedentes:
- El abuso físico es una causa importante de morbilidad en lactantes, a menudo infradiagnosticada en casos con lesiones menores.
- El infradiagnóstico aumenta el riesgo de violencia recurrente y creciente contra los lactantes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar la prevalencia de lesiones específicas de abuso en lactantes con y sin antecedentes de lesiones previas.
- Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con la identificación de lesiones específicas de abuso.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico de lactantes (<12 meses) evaluados por sospecha de abuso físico.
- Comparación de las tasas de identificación de lesiones entre lactantes con y sin antecedentes de lesiones previas.
- Análisis de regresión logística para evaluar la asociación entre lesiones previas y la identificación de lesiones específicas de abuso.
Principales resultados:
- El 13% de 2352 lactantes tuvo antecedentes de lesiones previas.
- Los lactantes con lesiones previas mostraron tasas significativamente más altas de identificación de lesiones específicas de abuso (45% frente al 22%).
- Las lesiones previas se asociaron con 2,81 veces más probabilidades de identificar lesiones específicas de abuso.
Conclusiones:
- Los lactantes con lesiones previas que se someten a evaluación por sospecha de abuso físico tienen una mayor probabilidad de identificar lesiones específicas de abuso.
- La toma de antecedentes estandarizada y la evaluación integral son cruciales para los lactantes que presentan lesiones preocupantes.
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