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An alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy that varies sinusoidally, resulting in AC current. Meanwhile, a DC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which are DC pulses with the same polarity. The construction of a DC generator is similar to that of an alternator, except that the pair of slip rings is replaced by a single split ring, also called a commutator. The commutator functions like a periodic rotary switch; it changes the contacts with the...
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Torque is an important quantity for describing the dynamics of a rotating rigid body. We see the application of torque in many ways in the world, such as when pressing the accelerator in a car, which causes the engine to apply additional torque on the drivetrain. Here, we define torque and provide a framework to create an equation to calculate torque for a rigid body with fixed-axis rotation.
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The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...
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When a mechanic tries to remove a hex nut with a wrench, it is easier if the force is applied at the farthest end of the wrench handle. The lever arm is the distance from the pivot point (the hex nut in this case) to the person’s hand. If this distance is large, the torque is higher. Only the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm contributes to the torque. Therefore, pushing the wrench perpendicular to the lever arm is more advantageous. If multiple people apply force to...
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A conductor needs to be a component of a path that creates a closed loop or full circuit to have a continuous current flowing through it. A current starts to flow if an electric field is created inside an isolated conductor that is not part of a full circuit. The conductor quickly develops a net positive charge at one end and a net negative charge at the other. These charges generate an electric field opposite the direction of the applied electric field, which reduces the current. Eventually,...
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The concept of work involves force and displacement; meanwhile, the work-energy theorem relates the net work done on a body to the difference in its kinetic energy, calculated between two points on its trajectory. While none of these quantities or relations involves time explicitly, we know that the time available to accomplish work is often just as important as the amount of work itself. For example, sprinters in a race may have achieved the same velocity at the finish, therefore,...
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Generador piezoeléctrico de CC en rueda con par resistivo cero

Hyun Soo Kim1,2, Hyunseok Song3, In Woo Oh1,4

  • 1Electronic and Hybrid Material Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio presenta un novedoso generador piezoeléctrico de corriente continua (DC-PG) para la generación de energía eficiente a pequeña escala. El innovador diseño ofrece una solución práctica para dispositivos de Internet de las Cosas (IoT) autoalimentados en entornos de baja carga.

Palabras clave:
generador de CCInternet de las CosasPMN‐PTpiezoeléctricoautoalimentado

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Recolección de energía
  • Ciencia de los materiales
  • Ingeniería mecánica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los generadores electromagnéticos convencionales enfrentan limitaciones en aplicaciones de baja potencia debido a su complejidad mecánica, tamaño voluminoso y eficiencia reducida a pequeña escala.
  • El par resistivo de la ley de Lenz compromete aún más el rendimiento en entornos de baja carga, lo que limita su idoneidad para ciertas aplicaciones.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proponer y evaluar un novedoso generador piezoeléctrico de corriente continua (DC-PG) en rueda que supera las limitaciones de los generadores convencionales.
  • Demostrar la generación de energía eficiente con par resistivo cero y sin necesidad de rectificación, adecuada para condiciones de baja carga.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de un generador piezoeléctrico de corriente continua (DC-PG) en rueda que utiliza polarización continua en fase durante la rotación.
  • Integración del DC-PG en una rueda de maleta sin añadir peso ni volumen significativos.
  • Pruebas en condiciones realistas con una carga de 20 kg a 3-5 km/h para medir la potencia máxima de salida y la capacidad de carga.

Principales resultados:

  • El DC-PG alcanzó una potencia máxima de 4,28 mW en condiciones realistas, superando a los sistemas piezoeléctricos convencionales basados en CA.
  • El generador proporcionó una salida de CC estable y de baja ondulación con una pérdida de energía mínima, sin necesidad de rectificación.
  • Alimentó con éxito un sensor de ubicación de Internet de las cosas (IoT) inalámbrico, cargando un condensador de 5 V en 134 segundos.

Conclusiones:

  • El DC-PG compacto y sin rectificación es una solución viable para la generación de energía eficiente a pequeña escala y aplicaciones de IoT autoalimentadas.
  • La eliminación de la resistencia electromagnética y la alta eficiencia permiten la autonomía energética en entornos de baja velocidad y baja carga.
  • Esta tecnología abre nuevas posibilidades para la energía sostenible en electrónica portátil y redes de sensores.