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Aumento de la grasa en el músculo esquelético en pacientes con cáncer hematológico asociado con una reducción de la
Nicholas J Saner1,2, Stephen J Foulkes3,4, Hayley T Dillon1,5
1Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
Los pacientes con cáncer hematológico tienen una fracción de grasa en el músculo esquelético (SMFF) más alta, lo que lleva a una reducción de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (consumo máximo de oxígeno). Dirigirse a la SMFF puede mejorar la salud cardiovascular en esta población.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Cardiovascular
- Oncología Hematológica
- Fisiología del Músculo Esquelético
Sus antecedentes:
- Los pacientes con cáncer hematológico a menudo experimentan una reducción de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular.
- El papel de la infiltración de grasa en el músculo esquelético en este deterioro no se comprende bien.
- Este estudio investigó la fracción de grasa del músculo esquelético (SMFF) en pacientes con cáncer hematológico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar la SMFF del muslo en pacientes con cáncer hematológico frente a controles sanos.
- Evaluar la contribución de la SMFF a la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (consumo máximo de oxígeno, V̇O₂peak) en este grupo de pacientes.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis transversal de 70 pacientes con cáncer hematológico y 70 controles sanos emparejados.
- SMFF del muslo evaluada mediante resonancia magnética.
- Se midió la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (V̇O₂peak), la deformación longitudinal global (GLS) y las concentraciones de hemoglobina.
- Se utilizó un análisis de regresión múltiple jerárquico para identificar predictores del V̇O₂peak.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes con cáncer hematológico exhibieron una SMFF significativamente mayor en comparación con los controles (11,0 % frente a 8,8 %, p=0,001).
- El V̇O₂peak fue significativamente menor de lo predicho en la cohorte de cáncer (diferencia media: 9,61±8,30 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, p<0,001).
- La SMFF (β=-0,40, ΔR²=0,14, p=0,002) y la hemoglobina (β=0,50, ΔR²=0,23, p<0,001) fueron predictores independientes del V̇O₂peak, explicando el 35 % de la varianza.
Conclusiones:
- La SMFF aumentada está presente en pacientes con cáncer hematológico.
- La SMFF elevada es un contribuyente significativo a la reducción de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (V̇O₂peak) en esta población.
- Dirigirse a la SMFF puede ser una estrategia viable para mejorar la salud cardiovascular y la aptitud física en pacientes con cáncer hematológico.
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