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Abordar la soledad mediante chatbots de IA: un estudio cualitativo de personas mayores en el nido vacío
Fengbo Jiao1, Meiyu Li2, Min Liu3
1School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, No.238, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China.
BMC public health
|January 28, 2026
Resumen
Los adultos mayores en el nido vacío utilizan los chatbots de IA como herramientas versátiles para combatir la soledad expresándose, recibiendo apoyo emocional y participando en actividades estimulantes. Estos compañeros digitales ayudan a restaurar la agencia y facilitan las conexiones sociales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Interacción Humano-Computadora
- Inteligencia Artificial
Sus antecedentes:
- La soledad en los adultos mayores en el nido vacío es un problema de salud pública importante.
- El papel de los chatbots de IA en el abordaje de esta soledad está poco explorado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo los adultos mayores en el nido vacío utilizan los chatbots de IA para mitigar la soledad.
- Centrarse en los patrones de participación en lugar de la eficacia.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con 18 participantes.
- Se analizaron las transcripciones de las entrevistas mediante análisis temático.
Principales resultados:
- Los chatbots de IA sirvieron como vías para la autoexpresión y la narrativa.
- Fomentaron el cuidado emocional, la empatía y la estimulación cognitiva/recreativa.
- Apoyaron el juego de roles, el asesoramiento informal y la reconexión de la red social.
Conclusiones:
- La gerontecnología conceptualizada como una práctica comunicativa.
- Los compañeros de IA requieren una integración ética, accesible y sensible al contexto en las políticas y el diseño.
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