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Abordar la soledad mediante chatbots de IA: un estudio cualitativo de personas mayores en el nido vacío

Fengbo Jiao¹, Meiyu Li², Min Liu³

¹School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, No.238, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China.

BMC public health

|January 28, 2026

Abstracto

Background:

Loneliness among empty-nest older adults is a growing public health concern with complex psychosocial consequences. AI chatbots are increasingly integrated into daily life, yet little is known about how empty-nest older adults incorporate these agents into their daily interactions to address loneliness.

Objectives:

This study examines how empty-nest older adults engage with AI chatbots in routine communication to mitigate loneliness, emphasizing patterns of engagement rather than assessing effectiveness.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews were conducted to collect data. A total of 18 participants were included in this study. Interview transcriptions were coded and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Participants engaged with the chatbot as a versatile communicative resource that provided a safe outlet for self-expression and narrative voice, fostered experiences of emotional care and empathy, and enabled cognitively and emotionally stimulating recreational interactions. It also supported imaginative role-playing that restored agency and social scripts, served as a source of informal counseling, and facilitated reconnection with both offline and online social networks. Together, these modes represented diverse, experience-based strategies through which the chatbot was woven into daily efforts to manage loneliness.

Conclusions:

The findings advance conceptualizations of gerontechnology as a communicative practice and suggest that policy, design, and service frameworks should treat AI companions as socially embedded tools requiring ethical, accessible, and context-sensitive integration.

Clinical Trial Number:

Not applicable.

Palabras clave:

chatbot de IA Personas mayores en el nido vacío Gerontecnología Soledad Aislamiento social

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