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Transferencia hemisférica y dislexia: prueba de la hipótesis del déficit para el reconocimiento de palabras y

Zita Meijer¹, Emma M Karlsson², Robin Gerrits³

¹Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.

Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders

|January 29, 2026

Resumen

Este estudio no encontró evidencia que respalde la teoría del déficit de transferencia interhemisférica en la dislexia. Las personas con dislexia no mostraron un procesamiento visual de información alterado entre los hemisferios cerebrales en tareas lingüísticas o visuoespaciales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia
Psicología Cognitiva
Psicología del Desarrollo

Sus antecedentes:

La teoría del déficit de transferencia interhemisférica sugiere que la dislexia está relacionada con una comunicación alterada entre los hemisferios cerebrales.
Esta teoría postula dificultades en la integración de la información visual de diferentes campos visuales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la teoría del déficit de transferencia interhemisférica en personas con dislexia.
Evaluar la transferencia interhemisférica utilizando tareas de campo visual dividido para el procesamiento lingüístico y visuoespacial.

Principales métodos:

Se emplearon dos tareas de campo visual dividido: una tarea de decisión léxica (lingüística) y una tarea de decisión de simetría (visuoespacial).
Se compararon los tiempos de reacción y la precisión entre 45 personas con dislexia y 45 controles en presentaciones de campo visual izquierdo, derecho y bilateral.

Principales resultados:

Los grupos de control mostraron las ventajas esperadas del campo visual dividido, pero las personas con dislexia no exhibieron mayores diferencias entre campos.
El grupo con dislexia mostró beneficios similares de la estimulación bilateral del campo visual como el grupo de control.
No se encontró evidencia de déficits de transferencia interhemisférica en las tareas lingüísticas ni visuoespaciales.

Conclusiones:

Los hallazgos desafían la aplicación generalizada de la teoría del déficit de transferencia interhemisférica en la dislexia.
Los déficits de transferencia interhemisférica en la dislexia pueden ser específicos de ciertas tareas en lugar de un déficit general.
Se necesita más investigación para identificar las condiciones en las que pueden manifestarse los déficits de transferencia interhemisférica en la dislexia.

Palabras clave:

Dislexia del desarrollo Déficit de transferencia interhemisférica Tarea de decisión léxica Tarea de decisión de simetría Tareas de campo visual dividido

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