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Periodontitis crónica e inflamación sistémica en ancianos: implicaciones para la neurodegeneración
Hyun Jung Kwon1, Ji Hyeon Ahn2, Moo-Ho Won3
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Korea.
Journal of neuroinflammation
|January 30, 2026
Resumen
La periodontitis crónica, relacionada con bacterias orales, puede impulsar la neuroinflamación y el deterioro cognitivo. Optimizar la salud bucal podría ser clave para prevenir enfermedades neurodegenerativas en poblaciones que envejecen.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Periodontología
- Inmunología
Sus antecedentes:
- La periodontitis crónica se relaciona cada vez más con enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
- La inflamación sistémica, la disbiosis microbiana y los cambios en la barrera hematoencefálica (BHE) son mecanismos clave.
- Los patógenos orales y los consorcios disbióticos pueden desencadenar cascadas neuroinflamatorias.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Sintetizar la evidencia sobre el eje oral-cerebral en la neurodegeneración.
- Explorar los mecanismos que vinculan la enfermedad periodontal con el deterioro cognitivo.
- Discutir intervenciones potenciales para el eje oral-cerebral.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de estudios en humanos y experimentales.
- Análisis de conocimientos mecanicistas sobre la patología oral-cerebral.
- Examen de datos de biomarcadores e imágenes.
- Discusión de marcos de multi-ómica y medicina de precisión.
Principales resultados:
- Los patógenos periodontales como Porphyromonas gingivalis se asocian con la neuroinflamación.
- La activación glial y las citoquinas median la patología oral-cerebral.
- La inflamación periodontal crónica se correlaciona con la disfunción neurovascular.
- Las intervenciones dirigidas a la salud bucal muestran ser prometedoras.
Conclusiones:
- El eje oral-cerebral es una vía crítica en la neurodegeneración.
- Optimizar la higiene bucal y desarrollar terapias dirigidas son vitales.
- Los enfoques integradores pueden ayudar en la evaluación de riesgos y la prevención para un envejecimiento cognitivo más saludable.
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