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Identificación de alertas falsas de alergia a medicamentos basadas en afirmaciones de tolerancia a medicamentos: un
Jakir Hossain Bhuiyan Masud1, James J Cimino1, Tiago K Colicchio1
1Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
JAMIA open
|January 30, 2026
Resumen
La mayoría de las alertas de alergia a medicamentos (DAA) se anulan debido a falsos positivos, que a menudo ocurren en pacientes previamente expuestos al medicamento. La investigación futura debe explorar estrategias para reducir estas alertas clínicamente irrelevantes sin comprometer la seguridad del paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Farmacovigilancia e Informática Clínica
- Seguridad de Medicamentos y Manejo de Alergias
Sus antecedentes:
- Las alertas de alergia a medicamentos (DAA) son herramientas críticas para prevenir eventos adversos a medicamentos.
- Sin embargo, las altas tasas de anulación sugieren un número significativo de alertas clínicamente irrelevantes.
- Comprender las características de estas alertas es esencial para mejorar su precisión y utilidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar las características de las alertas de alergia a medicamentos (DAA) en un gran centro médico académico.
- Identificar los factores que contribuyen a las DAA falsas positivas.
- Proporcionar información para reducir las alertas clínicamente irrelevantes.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de las DAA activadas para proveedores de atención médica con autoridad de prescripción en 2023.
- Inclusión de datos de un gran centro médico académico en el sureste.
- El análisis se centró en la identificación de elementos de datos asociados con alertas falsas positivas.
Principales resultados:
- Más de 101 000 DAA se activaron en 2023, con una tasa de anulación del 98,9 %.
- Solo el 9,7 % de las DAA tuvieron una coincidencia definitiva entre el medicamento recetado y el alérgeno documentado.
- El 70 % de las DAA ocurrieron en pacientes con administración previa del medicamento que activó la alerta, y más de la mitad continuaron con el mismo medicamento después de la documentación de la alergia.
Conclusiones:
- La mayoría de las DAA se activan en pacientes con exposición previa al medicamento, a menudo después de la documentación de la alergia.
- Una proporción significativa de las alertas no son clínicamente relevantes, lo que lleva a altas tasas de anulación.
- La investigación futura debe investigar la incorporación de afirmaciones de tolerancia en la lógica de DAA para minimizar los falsos positivos y al mismo tiempo mantener la seguridad.
Palabras clave:
fatiga de alertassoporte de decisiones clínicasalergia a medicamentosregistros de salud electrónicosMás Videos Relacionados
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