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Asociación entre colecistectomía/patología de la vesícula biliar y pólipos colorrectales: una revisión sistemática y
Shirui Li1,2, Yunfan Deng1,2, Sheng Dai3
1Department of Big Data in Health Science, and Center for Clinical Big Data and Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Frontiers in oncology
|January 30, 2026
Resumen
La extirpación de la vesícula biliar (colecistectomía) aumenta el riesgo de pólipos colorrectales en un 39%. Las patologías de la vesícula biliar también elevan el riesgo, especialmente en poblaciones del este asiático y en personas mayores, lo que subraya la necesidad de una detección adaptada.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología y Oncología; Epidemiología y Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Las patologías de la vesícula biliar pueden afectar el desarrollo del cáncer colorrectal.; Existe información limitada sobre problemas de la vesícula biliar y lesiones precursoras del colorrectal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el vínculo entre la colecistectomía/patologías de la vesícula biliar y el riesgo de pólipos colorrectales.; Explorar factores geográficos y biológicos que influyen en esta asociación.
Principales métodos:
- Metaanálisis de 27 estudios observacionales siguiendo las directrices MOOSE/Cochrane.; Se evaluaron los efectos de la colecistectomía y las asociaciones con patologías de la vesícula biliar.; Se realizaron análisis de subgrupos, sensibilidad y sesgo de publicación.
Principales resultados:
- La colecistectomía se asoció con un aumento del 39% en el riesgo de pólipos (OR=1.39).; Se observó un mayor riesgo en poblaciones del este asiático (OR=1.95) y para adenomas.; La patología de la vesícula biliar aumentó el riesgo en un 27% (OR=1.27), y los pólipos representaron un mayor riesgo (OR=1.30).
Conclusiones:
- El estado de la vesícula biliar modula independientemente el riesgo de lesiones colorrectales tempranas.; La colecistectomía muestra la mayor magnitud de riesgo.; Se recomienda una vigilancia personalizada que integre el historial de la vesícula biliar.
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