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Updated: Jan 31, 2026
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Desarrollo y validación de un ítem de detección de seguridad alimentaria muy baja
Ana Poblacion1,2, Richard Sheward1,2, Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba2,3
1Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02119, United States.
Health affairs scholar
|January 30, 2026
Resumen
Una nueva herramienta de detección identifica con precisión el riesgo de seguridad alimentaria muy baja (VLFS), una necesidad social crítica relacionada con la salud. Esta detección validada ayuda a conectar a las poblaciones vulnerables con servicios de nutrición esenciales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Investigación de Servicios de Salud
- Ciencia de la Nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- Cribado obligatorio de necesidades sociales relacionadas con la salud (HRSN) por parte de CMS desde 2024.
- Los Servicios de Nutrición Suplementaria se brindan a pacientes con inseguridad alimentaria (FI) a través de exenciones de la Demostración 1115.
- Massachusetts implementó un protocolo de detección más estricto para la seguridad alimentaria muy baja (VLFS).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar una herramienta de detección sensible, específica y válida para identificar el riesgo de seguridad alimentaria muy baja (VLFS).
- Abordar la falta de una herramienta de detección dedicada para VLFS.
Principales métodos:
- Se compararon combinaciones de preguntas con el Módulo de Encuesta de Seguridad Alimentaria de los Hogares del USDA.
- Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta de Población Actual de 2022.
- Se evaluaron la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos.
Principales resultados:
- Una sola pregunta de sí/no identificó el riesgo de VLFS con alta sensibilidad (92,2%–97,2%) y especificidad (96,2%–97,4%).
- La detección demostró validez en diversos hogares de EE. UU., con y sin niños.
- La detección desarrollada es eficaz para identificar a personas en riesgo de seguridad alimentaria muy baja.
Conclusiones:
- Se recomienda la detección de VLFS desarrollada para los estados que implementan protocolos estrictos de detección de FI.
- Esta herramienta puede mejorar la identificación y el apoyo para las personas que experimentan inseguridad alimentaria grave.
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