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Cribado de Cáncer Colorrectal en Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual
Trine Allerslev Horsbøl1, Susan Ishøy Michelsen1, Trine Toft Sørensen1
1National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
JAMA network open
|January 30, 2026
Resumen
Las personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI) muestran tasas más bajas de participación y finalización del cribado de cáncer colorrectal. Se necesitan estrategias personalizadas para abordar estas disparidades y mejorar el acceso equitativo al cribado del cáncer para personas con DI.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Cribado de Cáncer
- Disparidades en Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es mayor en personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI), potencialmente debido a un diagnóstico tardío.
- El cribado eficaz del CCR es crucial para la detección temprana y la mejora de los resultados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar las tasas de participación y finalización del cribado de CCR entre personas con y sin DI.
- Identificar posibles barreras y disparidades en el proceso de cribado para personas con DI.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohortes basado en registros a nivel nacional en Dinamarca (2014-2023).
- Inclusión de residentes de 50 a 74 años invitados al cribado bienal de CCR.
- Comparación de la participación en el cribado (devolución de muestra de heces) y la finalización (examen diagnóstico) entre personas con y sin DI, ajustando por la gravedad de la discapacidad.
Principales resultados:
- Las personas con DI tuvieron una participación significativamente menor en el cribado de CCR (30,2 % frente al 56,1 %) y en la finalización del examen diagnóstico (70,5 % frente al 90,2 %) en comparación con las personas sin DI.
- Las tasas de participación y finalización disminuyeron con el aumento de la gravedad de la discapacidad intelectual.
- Los desafíos con la recolección de muestras de heces y la finalización de la colonoscopia fueron más comunes en personas con DI.
Conclusiones:
- Las personas con discapacidad intelectual enfrentan barreras significativas para participar y completar el cribado de cáncer colorrectal.
- Las disparidades en la participación y finalización del cribado resaltan la necesidad de estrategias personalizadas y de apoyo a la decisión para garantizar una atención equitativa del cáncer.
- Abordar estas disparidades es esencial para reducir la mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal en la población con DI.
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