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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

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Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

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Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
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pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
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Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

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Emulación de modelos que permiten la convección a escala de kilómetro utilizando modelado de difusión generativa

Jaideep Pathak1, Yair Cohen1, Piyush Garg1

  • 1NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA.

Science advances
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

StormCast, un nuevo modelo de difusión generativa, logra una predicción meteorológica hábil a escala de kilómetro. Pronostica con precisión fenómenos meteorológicos extremos como tormentas, superando a los enfoques anteriores de aprendizaje profundo en este complejo régimen de simulación atmosférica.

Palabras clave:
modelado de difusión generativapredicción meteorológica a escala de kilómetromodelos que permiten la convecciónfenómenos meteorológicos extremossimulación atmosféricaaprendizaje profundoprevisión meteorológica

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de la Atmósfera
  • Meteorología
  • Aprendizaje automático

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los modelos que permiten la convección a escala de tormenta (CAM) son cruciales para predecir fenómenos meteorológicos extremos, pero son intensivos en computación.
  • Los modelos de aprendizaje profundo han tenido dificultades para lograr habilidad en simulaciones atmosféricas a escala de kilómetro, a diferencia de resoluciones más gruesas.
  • La predicción precisa de fenómenos meteorológicos severos como tormentas y sistemas de convección a mesoescala sigue siendo un desafío.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un modelo de aprendizaje profundo capaz de simulación atmosférica hábil a escala de kilómetro para la predicción meteorológica.
  • Emular el rendimiento de los modelos operativos que permiten la convección utilizando un enfoque de difusión generativa.
  • Evaluar la capacidad del modelo para predecir variables atmosféricas clave y fenómenos convectivos.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollamos StormCast, un modelo de difusión generativa, para emular el CAM operativo High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR).
  • Se utilizó la predicción autorregresiva de 99 variables de estado a escala de kilómetro con un paso de tiempo de 1 hora.
  • El modelo se condicionó con 26 variables sinópticas y se incorporó una resolución vertical densa en la capa límite atmosférica.

Principales resultados:

  • StormCast demuestra el aprendizaje exitoso de la dinámica atmosférica a escala de kilómetro.
  • Se logró una habilidad competitiva de predicción de 1 a 6 horas para la reflectividad radar compuesta.
  • Se generó una evolución realista de los cúmulos convectivos, corrientes ascendentes húmedas y morfología de las bolsas de aire frío.

Conclusiones:

  • Los modelos de difusión generativa muestran potencial para mejorar la predicción meteorológica por aprendizaje automático regional a escala de kilómetro.
  • El rendimiento de StormCast sugiere potencial para mejorar el downscaling dinámico en la investigación de peligros climáticos.
  • Este trabajo abre nuevas vías para aprovechar la IA en la predicción meteorológica de alta resolución y los estudios de impacto climático.