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Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Efecto Nernst de División de Espín de Magnones Impulsado por Altermagnéticos

Yuben Yang1, Di Wang1, Bin Yang1

  • 1Nanjing University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, Institute of Atom Manufacturing, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.

Physical review letters
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los altermagnéticos permiten la generación de corriente de espín de magnones sin campos magnéticos ni DMI. Los investigadores demostraron el efecto Nernst de división de espín de magnones en películas de LuFeO3, destacando su potencial espintrónico.

Palabras clave:
AltermagnéticosEfecto Nernst de División de Espín de MagnonesFísica de la Materia CondensadaEspintrónicaLuFeO3Películas DelgadasCorriente de Espín de Magnones

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la Materia Condensada
  • Espintrónica
  • Ciencia de Materiales

Sus antecedentes:

  • La generación de corriente de espín magnónica en antiferromagnéticos típicamente requiere campos magnéticos fuertes o interacción Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DMI).
  • Los altermagnéticos, una clase de antiferromagnéticos con bandas de división de espín dependientes del momento, ofrecen una nueva ruta para la generación de corriente de espín.
  • Estos materiales evitan la necesidad de campos magnéticos externos o DMI.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Demostrar el efecto Nernst de división de espín de magnones (MSSNE) en películas de LuFeO3.
  • Investigar la generación de corriente de espín magnónica en altermagnéticos.
  • Proporcionar evidencia de que el MSSNE se origina en bandas de magnones divididas por espín.

Principales métodos:

  • Fabricación de películas de LuFeO3.
  • Aplicación de un gradiente de temperatura longitudinal.
  • Medición de la corriente de espín magnónica transversal.
  • Análisis de simetría para respaldar los hallazgos.

Principales resultados:

  • Demostración exitosa del efecto Nernst de división de espín de magnones (MSSNE) en LuFeO3.
  • Generación de una corriente de espín magnónica transversal por un gradiente de temperatura longitudinal.
  • Cuatro tipos de evidencia confirman que el MSSNE surge de bandas de magnones divididas por espín, no de DMI.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio confirma el MSSNE en películas altermagnéticas de LuFeO3.
  • Los altermagnéticos proporcionan una nueva plataforma para la generación de corriente de espín magnónica sin campo.
  • Estos hallazgos resaltan el potencial de los altermagnéticos para aplicaciones espintrónicas antiferromagnéticas.