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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Política y Economía Energética; Ciencia Ambiental; Ciencia de Datos y Aprendizaje Automático

Sus antecedentes:

  • El análisis del consumo global de energía es crucial para la estabilidad económica y la sostenibilidad ambiental.
  • La predicción de los precios de la energía y la cuota de energías renovables es compleja debido a numerosos factores influyentes.
  • Los modelos existentes a menudo carecen de interpretabilidad y robustez en la previsión.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y optimizar modelos de aprendizaje automático para predecir el Índice de Precios de la Energía y la Cuota de Energías Renovables.
  • Identificar las variables clave que influyen en la precisión predictiva mediante análisis de sensibilidad.
  • Proporcionar un marco interpretable para la previsión energética global y el apoyo a las políticas.

Principales métodos:

  • Se emplearon técnicas avanzadas de regresión de aprendizaje automático (ML).
  • Se utilizaron algoritmos metaheurísticos para la optimización de modelos de ML.
  • Se utilizaron SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) y CAM (Cosine Amplitude Method) para el análisis de sensibilidad y la interpretación del modelo.

Principales resultados:

  • La dependencia de los combustibles fósiles y las emisiones de carbono se identificaron como los predictores más significativos para la Cuota de Energías Renovables.
  • La optimización del modelo mediante algoritmos metaheurísticos mejoró la precisión predictiva y la robustez.
  • Los análisis de sensibilidad proporcionaron una cuantificación clara de la influencia de las características de entrada en el rendimiento del modelo.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio presenta un marco técnicamente riguroso e interpretable para la previsión energética global.
  • Los hallazgos resaltan el papel crítico de la intensidad del consumo y los indicadores ambientales en los mercados energéticos.
  • La metodología desarrollada apoya la toma de decisiones informadas en políticas energéticas, iniciativas de sostenibilidad y el rendimiento optimizado del sistema energético.