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Rendimiento sostenido y sucesión microbiana en un novedoso sistema de rumen artificial que acopla membrana dinámica
Xiang-Lin Chang1, Bao-Shan Xing2, Yu Qin3
1School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China.
Bioresource technology
|January 31, 2026
Resumen
Este estudio presenta un novedoso sistema de rumen artificial que combina la fermentación con la absorción de ácidos para la conversión eficiente a largo plazo de biomasa lignocelulósica en productos renovables y biometano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biotecnología
- Energía Renovable
- Ingeniería Microbiana
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas de rumen artificial ofrecen potencial para convertir biomasa lignocelulósica en productos valiosos.
- La estabilidad operativa a largo plazo sigue siendo un desafío importante para las tecnologías actuales de rumen artificial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un novedoso sistema de rumen artificial para la conversión estable a largo plazo de biomasa lignocelulósica.
- Mejorar la eficiencia de la separación y conversión de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) en biometano.
- Investigar la dinámica de la comunidad microbiana durante la operación prolongada.
Principales métodos:
- Se desarrolló un nuevo sistema de rumen artificial que integra la fermentación con una unidad de absorción de ácidos utilizando gránulos metanogénicos y una membrana dinámica.
- El sistema operó durante más de 480 días, con separación de AGV por membrana dinámica y absorción inmediata por gránulos.
- Se aumentaron las tasas de carga orgánica para evaluar la estabilidad y eficiencia del sistema en condiciones variables.
Principales resultados:
- Se mantuvieron rendimientos estables de AGV (0,21-0,24 g-DQO/g-MS) incluso con mayores tasas de carga orgánica.
- Se lograron altas eficiencias de eliminación de celulosa (62,7%), hemicelulosa (52,1%) y lignina (40,7%) después de 440 días.
- La unidad de absorción de ácidos convirtió eficientemente los AGV en biometano (302-304 mL/g DQO), lo que indica un potencial significativo de bioenergía.
- El análisis metagenómico reveló comunidades microbianas de rumen dominantes y el enriquecimiento de especies involucradas en la degradación de lignocelulosa.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema de rumen artificial desarrollado demuestra una estabilidad operativa robusta a largo plazo y una conversión eficiente de biomasa lignocelulósica.
- La unidad integrada de absorción de ácidos gestiona eficazmente los AGV, mejora la producción de biometano y simula los procesos naturales de los rumiantes.
- Esta tecnología proporciona una base prometedora para la futura ingeniería de rumiantes artificiales de alta carga y la producción sostenible de bioenergía.
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