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Utilización de la alimentación oral en pancreatitis pediátrica: un estudio aleatorizado controlado
Yan Han1, Hong Zhao1, Linchen Fu1
1Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou, China.
Jornal de pediatria
|January 31, 2026
Resumen
La alimentación oral temprana es eficaz para la pancreatitis aguda pediátrica (PA), mostrando una duración del dolor y cambios de peso similares en comparación con la alimentación nasogástrica (NG). La alimentación oral puede reducir las complicaciones en niños con PA de leve a moderada.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología Pediátrica; Terapia Nutricional; Investigación de Pancreatitis Aguda
Sus antecedentes:
- La intervención nutricional temprana es crucial para los niños con pancreatitis aguda (PA). Comparar la alimentación oral frente a la alimentación nasogástrica (NG) es esencial para optimizar el manejo de la PA en pacientes pediátricos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar la eficacia y seguridad de la alimentación oral frente a la alimentación nasogástrica en niños con PA de leve a moderadamente grave. Evaluar los resultados, incluida la duración del dolor, la tolerancia nutricional y los cambios de peso.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo prospectivo y aleatorizado controlado en el que participaron 48 pacientes pediátricos con PA de leve a moderada. Los participantes fueron aleatorizados en grupos de alimentación oral o nasogástrica. Los resultados primarios evaluados fueron la duración del dolor relacionado con la PA, la tasa de tolerancia y los cambios de peso.
Principales resultados:
- No se observaron diferencias significativas en la duración del dolor (mediana de 3 días para ambos grupos) ni en las tasas de tolerancia entre los grupos de alimentación oral y nasogástrica. Los cambios de peso fueron comparables entre los grupos en el momento del alta y en los puntos de seguimiento (1 y 5 semanas después del alta). Se observaron menos complicaciones en el grupo de alimentación oral (0) en comparación con el grupo nasogástrico (4), aunque esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,109).
Conclusiones:
- La alimentación oral es una estrategia nutricional segura y eficaz para niños con PA de leve a moderada. Este enfoque puede reducir potencialmente la necesidad de procedimientos invasivos como la colocación de una sonda nasogástrica. La alimentación oral demuestra una eficacia comparable a la alimentación nasogástrica en cuanto al dolor y el peso, con una tendencia a menos complicaciones.
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