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El sueño regula la búsqueda de drogas y la recaída: una perspectiva
Yu-Zhang Liu1,2, Hannah Rose Martin2,3, Brant P Hasler2
1Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
Molecular psychiatry
|January 31, 2026
Resumen
Las alteraciones del sueño se reconocen cada vez más en los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS), lo que ofrece posibles nuevas dianas de tratamiento. Comprender el sueño
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Ciencia del Sueño
- Investigación sobre Adicciones
Sus antecedentes:
- Las alteraciones del sueño son una comorbilidad común en los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS).
- Los problemas de sueño pueden desempeñar un papel causal en los TUS y presentar dianas terapéuticas.
- Las diferencias individuales en el sueño ofrecen potencial para biomarcadores y medicina personalizada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el papel de las alteraciones del sueño en los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS).
- Examinar los sistemas de neurotransmisores afectados por la pérdida de sueño en los TUS.
- Resumir los cambios del sueño relacionados con la exposición a drogas y la abstinencia.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre investigaciones recientes sobre el sueño y los TUS.
- Enfoque en los sistemas de neurotransmisores y neuromoduladores.
- Análisis de las alteraciones del sueño tras la exposición a drogas y la abstinencia.
Principales resultados:
- La pérdida de sueño puede influir en los comportamientos de búsqueda de recompensas, aumentando el riesgo de TUS.
- La exposición aguda y a largo plazo a las drogas altera significativamente los patrones de sueño.
- La regulación mediada por el sueño de los sistemas glutamatérgico, dopaminérgico y peptidergico es crucial en los TUS.
Conclusiones:
- Las alteraciones del sueño son parte integral de la fisiopatología de los TUS.
- La focalización en los mecanismos del sueño presenta una vía prometedora para el tratamiento de los TUS.
- Una mayor investigación sobre el papel del sueño puede avanzar las terapias individualizadas para los TUS.
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