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Del Hígado al Pulmón: Un Viaje Patológico del Bilotórax
Momina Abid1, Mohammad T Hussain2, Sofia Barlas3
1Medicine, University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, PAK.
Cureus
|February 2, 2026
Resumen
Este reporte de caso detalla un caso raro de bilotórax derecho en un paciente con cirrosis y cáncer avanzados. La condición, bilis en la cavidad pleural, presentó un desafío diagnóstico y de manejo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina
- Patología
- Gastroenterología
Sus antecedentes:
- El bilotórax, acumulación de bilis en la cavidad pleural, es raro, típicamente del lado derecho debido a la proximidad del hígado.
- El bilotórax bilateral o izquierdo es extremadamente raro.
- El diagnóstico implica análisis del líquido pleural (relación bilirrubina pleural/sérica >1) e imágenes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar un caso raro de bilotórax derecho en un paciente con múltiples comorbilidades.
- Destacar las complejidades diagnósticas y los desafíos de manejo en tales casos.
Principales métodos:
- Reporte de caso de un paciente varón de unos 60 años con cirrosis relacionada con el VHC, carcinoma hepatocelular y comorbilidades.
- El paciente presentó síntomas, desarrolló perforación de la vesícula biliar, peritonitis biliar y posteriormente bilotórax derecho.
- Diagnóstico confirmado por toracocentesis con una alta relación bilirrubina pleural/sérica (3,4).
Principales resultados:
- El paciente desarrolló un bilotórax derecho tras perforación de la vesícula biliar y peritonitis biliar.
- Se aisló Enterobacter del líquido pleural, tratado con antibióticos y drenaje por sonda torácica.
- A pesar de las intervenciones, el paciente experimentó descompensación hepática progresiva, sepsis e insuficiencia respiratoria.
Conclusiones:
- Este caso subraya la extrema rareza del bilotórax.
- Los desafíos diagnósticos para diferenciar el bilotórax de otros derrames pleurales son significativos.
- El manejo es complejo en pacientes con cirrosis avanzada y malignidad, lo que a menudo conduce a malos resultados.
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