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Trasplante uterino para la infertilidad absoluta por factor uterino: del laboratorio a la clínica
Jesus Alberto Sanson-Riofrio1, Ismael Brito-Toledo2, Angelica Morelia3
1Surgical Oncology, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, MEX.
Cureus
|February 2, 2026
Resumen
El trasplante de útero (UTx) ofrece un nuevo camino para las mujeres con infertilidad uterina, con más de 50 nacidos vivos reportados a nivel mundial. La investigación en curso aborda desafíos como el rechazo y la inmunosupresión para un uso clínico más amplio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Reproductiva
- Cirugía de Trasplantes
Sus antecedentes:
- La infertilidad absoluta por factor uterino afecta a las mujeres que no pueden concebir.
- El trasplante de útero (UTx) es una tecnología reproductiva emergente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una visión general traslacional integral del trasplante de útero.
- Sintetizar la literatura sobre la progresión del UTx desde la investigación hasta la práctica clínica.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión narrativa de la literatura de PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase y Scopus (2000-junio de 2025).
- Síntesis cualitativa de estudios, revisiones, informes de casos, metaanálisis y guías.
- Exclusión de literatura gris y estudios no humanos.
Principales resultados:
- Se han realizado más de 90 procedimientos de trasplante de útero en todo el mundo.
- Se han reportado más de 50 nacidos vivos después del UTx.
- Los avances clave incluyen técnicas de microcirugía, preservación vascular y estrategias de inmunosupresión.
Conclusiones:
- El trasplante de útero demuestra una creciente fiabilidad clínica para el tratamiento de la infertilidad uterina.
- Los desafíos persistentes incluyen el rechazo del injerto, el riesgo de infección y los efectos a largo plazo de la inmunosupresión.
- Se necesita más investigación para una aplicabilidad clínica más amplia y consideraciones éticas.
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