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Identificación inteligente de osteoporosis en radiografías de cadera mediante transformer de visión
Wei Huang1,2, Pin Pan1,2, Kunpeng Liu3
1Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China.
Bone reports
|February 2, 2026
Resumen
Un modelo de aprendizaje profundo Vision Transformer (ViT) clasifica con precisión las radiografías de cadera para el cribado de osteoporosis. Esta herramienta rentable muestra una alta precisión y generalización para la detección temprana y el diagnóstico auxiliar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inteligencia artificial en imágenes médicas
- Aprendizaje profundo para la evaluación de la salud ósea
- Radiómica e imágenes cuantitativas
Sus antecedentes:
- La osteoporosis es un importante problema de salud pública que provoca un aumento del riesgo de fracturas.
- El diagnóstico temprano y preciso de la osteoporosis es crucial para un manejo y prevención eficaces de las fracturas.
- Los métodos de diagnóstico actuales pueden tener limitaciones en cuanto a accesibilidad y rentabilidad, especialmente en entornos de atención primaria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y evaluar un modelo de aprendizaje profundo utilizando la arquitectura Vision Transformer (ViT) para clasificar imágenes de radiografías de cadera.
- Evaluar la capacidad del modelo para distinguir entre masa ósea normal, osteopenia y osteoporosis.
- Explorar el potencial de ViT para el cribado de osteoporosis temprano y el diagnóstico auxiliar.
Principales métodos:
- Recopilación retrospectiva de 3016 imágenes de radiografías de cadera de un hospital y clínicas comunitarias.
- Preprocesamiento y extracción de las regiones de interés (ROI) del fémur proximal.
- Ajuste fino de un modelo ViT preentrenado para la clasificación de tres clases y comparación con ResNet50 e InceptionV3, validado en conjuntos de datos internos y externos.
Principales resultados:
- El modelo ViT logró una precisión del 97,0 % en el conjunto de validación interna, con AUCs altos para todas las clases (99,4 %-99,9 %).
- La validación externa demostró una precisión del 89,4 %, con AUCs que oscilan entre el 91,6 % y el 98,4 %.
- El modelo ViT superó a ResNet50 e InceptionV3 en rendimiento diagnóstico y estabilidad.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo de aprendizaje profundo basado en ViT demuestra un rendimiento y una generalización excelentes para clasificar la densidad mineral ósea a partir de radiografías de cadera.
- Este enfoque ofrece un método rentable y eficiente para el cribado de osteoporosis utilizando imágenes de rayos X de rutina.
- El modelo tiene un potencial significativo para la implementación clínica, especialmente en entornos de atención primaria para la detección temprana.
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