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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Arcillas funcionalizadas con aminas como sorbentes sólidos: Pruebas de sorción de CO2 a alta presión y

Jennifer Narváez1, Ernesto Bastardo-González1, Edward E Ávila1

  • 1Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador.

ACS omega
|February 2, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Las arcillas funcionalizadas con aminas muestran una capacidad de sorción de dióxido de carbono (CO2) significativamente mejorada, ofreciendo una solución prometedora para la captura de CO2. Este estudio exploró arcillas ecuatorianas funcionalizadas con monoetanolamina (MEA) y etilendiamina (EDA) para mejorar la mitigación de CO2.

Palabras clave:
arcillas funcionalizadas con aminascaptura de CO2sorbentes sólidosmitigación de emisionesmateriales de arcillaEcuador

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de Materiales
  • Ciencias Ambientales
  • Ingeniería Química

Sus antecedentes:

  • El aumento de los niveles atmosféricos de dióxido de carbono (CO2) requiere tecnologías eficaces de captura de carbono.
  • Los materiales a base de arcilla son sorbentes abundantes y rentables.
  • La funcionalización puede mejorar la afinidad de CO2 de los materiales porosos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la capacidad de sorción de CO2 de arcillas crudas y funcionalizadas con aminas de Ecuador.
  • Evaluar el impacto de la funcionalización con monoetanolamina (MEA) y etilendiamina (EDA) en la captura de CO2.
  • Evaluar el potencial de estos materiales para aplicaciones industriales y artesanales de mitigación de CO2.

Principales métodos:

  • Pruebas de sorción de CO2 en un sistema sin agitación a alta presión a 3550 kPa y 25 °C.
  • Cuantificación de la capacidad de sorción de CO2 mediante el monitoreo de la caída de presión.
  • Caracterización mediante fisisorción de nitrógeno, XRD, FTIR, TGA y XRF.

Principales resultados:

  • Las arcillas funcionalizadas con aminas exhibieron una capacidad de sorción de CO2 significativamente mayor, con mejoras de hasta el 442,85% en comparación con las arcillas crudas.
  • Las arcillas funcionalizadas con aminas de grado artesanal alcanzaron una capacidad máxima de sorción de CO2 de 3,125 mmol CO2/g.
  • La caracterización confirmó propiedades fisicoquímicas mejoradas y grupos funcionales que favorecen la captura de CO2 en las muestras funcionalizadas.

Conclusiones:

  • La funcionalización con aminas es una estrategia muy eficaz para mejorar la capacidad de sorción de CO2 de los materiales a base de arcilla.
  • Estas arcillas funcionalizadas presentan una alternativa viable y escalable para mitigar las emisiones atmosféricas de CO2.
  • El estudio destaca el potencial de las arcillas ecuatorianas de origen local para aplicaciones de captura de carbono.