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Diseño y operación de APEX-LD: Un dipolo levitado compacto para un experimento de positrones y electrones

A Card^1,2, M R Stoneking³, A Deller^1,4

¹Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 85748 Garching, Germany.

The Review of scientific instruments

|February 2, 2026

Resumen

El dispositivo APEX-LD levita con éxito una bobina superconductora durante más de 3 horas, logrando una alta estabilidad. Este avance permite el estudio de plasmas de positrones y electrones mediante confinamiento magnético.

Área de la Ciencia:

Física de Plasmas
Tecnología de Imanes Superconductores

Sus antecedentes:

Los plasmas de pares de positrones y electrones son cruciales para la investigación en física fundamental.
El confinamiento magnético es un desafío clave para el estudio de estos plasmas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Construir y probar una trampa de dipolo levitado (APEX-LD) para confinar plasmas de positrones y electrones.
Demostrar la estabilidad y robustez de la bobina flotante superconductora.

Principales métodos:

Construcción de una bobina flotante (F-coil) superconductora levitada magnéticamente utilizando óxido de cobre de bario y tierras raras.
Utilización de un criostato para enfriar y cargar inductivamente la F-coil.
Demostración de la levitación y estabilidad de la bobina.

Principales resultados:

Se logró una levitación estable de más de 3 horas con una estabilidad vertical inferior a 20 μm.
Se generaron corrientes persistentes de ~60 kA-vueltas y una densidad de flujo magnético axial de ~0.5 T.
La F-coil demostró una notable robustez contra quenches y choques.

Conclusiones:

El sistema APEX-LD es una plataforma viable para el confinamiento magnético de plasmas.
El robusto diseño de la bobina superconductora es adecuado para condiciones experimentales exigentes.
Los experimentos preliminares con electrones allanan el camino para la futura inyección de positrones y estudios de plasma.

Palabras clave:

plasma de positrones y electrones confinamiento magnético bobina superconductora levitada dipolo magnético APEX-LD

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