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Los niños pequeños esperan que la lealtad al endogrupo anule las preferencias personales cuando hay exogrupos
1Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.
Resumen
Los niños de dos años comprenden la lealtad al endogrupo. Esperan que los individuos elijan artículos asociados al endogrupo cuando está presente un exogrupo, incluso si contradice las preferencias personales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología del Desarrollo; Psicología Social; Ciencias Cognitivas
Sus antecedentes:
- Los adultos pueden priorizar la lealtad al endogrupo sobre las preferencias personales cuando hay exogrupos presentes.
- Comprender los orígenes de la identidad social y la lealtad en la primera infancia es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si los niños pequeños de dos años comprenden las demostraciones sociales de lealtad al endogrupo.
- Determinar si los niños pequeños entienden que el contexto social influye en el comportamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron tres experimentos de violación de expectativas con 108 niños pequeños de dos años.
- Los niños observaron interacciones que involucraban a un individuo objetivo, un miembro del endogrupo y un miembro del exogrupo, con las afiliaciones grupales indicadas por etiquetas novedosas.
- Se observó la elección del individuo objetivo entre juguetes asociados al endogrupo y al exogrupo en diversas condiciones de presencia del exogrupo.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños pequeños esperaban que el individuo objetivo eligiera el juguete asociado al endogrupo cuando el miembro del exogrupo estaba presente, anulando las preferencias personales conocidas.
- Esta expectativa persistió independientemente de la presencia del miembro del endogrupo, siempre que el miembro del exogrupo fuera visible.
- Cuando el miembro del exogrupo estaba ausente, los niños pequeños esperaban que el individuo objetivo actuara de acuerdo con sus preferencias personales.
Conclusiones:
- A los dos años, los niños pequeños reconocen que los individuos tienen identidades tanto personales como sociales.
- Los niños pequeños entienden que el contexto social dicta las elecciones de comportamiento, y la identidad social tiene prioridad en situaciones intergrupales.
- Esto indica una comprensión temprana de la lealtad al endogrupo como una estrategia social.
Palabras clave:
lealtad al endogrupocontexto intergrupalcognición moralidentidades personales y socialespreferencia personalMás Videos Relacionados
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