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Identificación y validación de la bacteria de biocontrol nativa Bacillus cepa MZ3-12 contra la marchitez bacteriana
Xiao Zhou1, Yue Qing1, Yanping Wang1
1Laboratory of Natural Products Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology
|February 2, 2026
Resumen
Los investigadores identificaron Bacillus MZ3-12 como un potente agente de biocontrol contra la marchitez bacteriana del tabaco. Esta bacteria suprime eficazmente el patógeno y promueve el crecimiento de las plantas, ofreciendo una solución sostenible para la agricultura.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Agrícola
- Patología Vegetal
- Biotecnología
Sus antecedentes:
- La marchitez bacteriana del tabaco representa una amenaza significativa para el cultivo del tabaco.
- La identificación de agentes de biocontrol eficaces es crucial para la agricultura sostenible.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar agentes de biocontrol nativos para la marchitez bacteriana del tabaco utilizando el perfilado integrado del microbioma y la selección funcional.
- Evaluar la eficacia de las bacterias aisladas en el control de Ralstonia solanacearum y la promoción del crecimiento de las plantas.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación comparativa de amplicones de ADN 16S rDNA de microbiomas de la rizosfera de suelos sanos y enfermos.
- Aislamiento y selección funcional de bacterias de biocontrol potenciales de suelos sanos.
- Evaluación de la inhibición bacteriana de R. solanacearum, actividad enzimática (proteasa, celulasa), secreción de sideróforos y promoción del crecimiento de las plantas.
Principales resultados:
- Los suelos afectados por la enfermedad mostraron géneros superiores vinculados al patógeno, mientras que los suelos sanos fueron ricos en Bacillus y Streptomyces.
- Se identificaron cuatro bacterias candidatas a biocontrol (tres cepas de Bacillus y una cepa de Glutamicibacter).
- Las cepas seleccionadas, en particular Bacillus MZ3-12, inhibieron significativamente R. solanacearum, mejoraron el crecimiento de las plantas y modularon la expresión de genes de defensa de las plantas.
- Bacillus MZ3-12 demostró un control sustancial de la marchitez bacteriana en condiciones de invernadero y de campo.
Conclusiones:
- La integración del análisis del microbioma con la selección basada en cultivos es una estrategia eficaz para descubrir agentes de biocontrol.
- Bacillus MZ3-12 es un agente de biocontrol prometedor para el manejo de la marchitez bacteriana del tabaco, contribuyendo a la salud de la rizosfera y a la producción sostenible de tabaco.
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