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Selección de espermatozoides mediada por células del cúmulo mejora la calidad del blastocisto utilizando ovocitos de
Jorge Ten1,2, Nerea Díaz3, Miguel Herreros3
1Embryology Unit, Instituto Bernabeu, Alicante, Spain. jten@institutobernabeu.com.
Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics
|February 2, 2026
Resumen
La selección de espermatozoides mediada por células del cúmulo mejoró significativamente la calidad embrionaria en ciclos de inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI), especialmente en mujeres de 40 a 45 años. Este método mejora la calidad del blastocisto, beneficiando potencialmente a poblaciones específicas de tecnología de reproducción asistida (TRA).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Reproductiva
- Embriología
- Tecnología de Reproducción Asistida (TRA)
Sus antecedentes:
- Los métodos convencionales de preparación de espermatozoides pueden no seleccionar siempre los espermatozoides más viables.
- Las células del cúmulo desempeñan un papel en la selección natural de espermatozoides, un proceso que no se aprovecha completamente en los procedimientos estándar de ICSI.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si la selección de espermatozoides a través de las células del cúmulo mejora la calidad embrionaria en comparación con la centrifugación por gradiente de densidad (DGC) convencional.
- Determinar si la edad de los padres influye en la eficacia de la selección de espermatozoides mediada por células del cúmulo.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo clínico prospectivo que involucró 99 ciclos de ICSI.
- Los ovocitos de hermanos se asignaron aleatoriamente a la selección de espermatozoides mediada por células del cúmulo o a la DGC convencional.
- La calidad embrionaria se evaluó en la etapa de blastocisto en el día 5.
- El subanálisis examinó el impacto de la edad de los padres en los resultados.
Principales resultados:
- El grupo de selección mediada por células del cúmulo tuvo una proporción significativamente mayor de blastocistos de buena calidad en el día 5 (55,2 % frente a 45,3 %).
- Se observó una mejora significativa en la calidad del blastocisto en mujeres de 40 a 45 años.
- Las tendencias sugirieron mejores resultados en hombres de 40 a 53 años, aunque no fueron estadísticamente significativas.
Conclusiones:
- La selección de espermatozoides mediada por células del cúmulo utilizando un plato especializado de ICSI aumenta la proporción de blastocistos de buena calidad en el día 5.
- Este método muestra beneficios potenciales para subpoblaciones específicas de TRA, particularmente mujeres en edad materna avanzada.
- Se necesita más investigación para confirmar estos hallazgos y su impacto en las tasas de embarazo clínico.
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