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Perforación del colon sigmoide por dentaduras postizas extraíbles ingeridas: reporte de un caso y revisión de la
Junyan Fang1, Chen Xu2, Yuzhen Wen2
1Department of Stomatology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Zibo and People's Hospital of Huantai County, Zibo, P.R. China.
Medicine
|February 3, 2026
Resumen
La ingestión de dentaduras postizas extraíbles puede causar una perforación potencialmente mortal del colon sigmoide, especialmente en personas de edad avanzada. La intervención quirúrgica inmediata, como el procedimiento de Hartmann, es crucial para el manejo de esta rara emergencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología
- Emergencia Quirúrgica
- Medicina Geriátrica
Sus antecedentes:
- La ingestión de dentaduras postizas extraíbles que conduce a perforación gastrointestinal es una emergencia rara y potencialmente mortal.
- Los pacientes de edad avanzada tienen un mayor riesgo debido a la disminución de la sensación oral y los reflejos de deglución.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar sobre el manejo de un paciente con necrosis y perforación del colon sigmoide secundarias a la ingestión de dentaduras postizas.
- Destacar la importancia de la identificación temprana y el tratamiento individualizado para los cuerpos extraños ingeridos.
Principales métodos:
- Una mujer de 76 años se presentó con dolor abdominal y náuseas después de ingerir una dentadura postiza.
- La TC abdominal confirmó un cuerpo extraño en el colon sigmoide, perforación y neumoperitoneo.
- Se realizó un procedimiento de Hartmann de emergencia con colostomía, seguido de reversión de la ostomía asistida por laparoscopia.
Principales resultados:
- El paciente se recuperó sin incidentes después del manejo quirúrgico.
- El procedimiento de Hartmann demostró ser eficaz y seguro para el manejo de la perforación colónica que requiere tratamiento de emergencia.
- La reversión de la ostomía asistida por laparoscopia restauró con éxito la continuidad intestinal.
Conclusiones:
- El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento adaptado son vitales para los pacientes con dentaduras postizas ingeridas.
- Se recomienda la reconsideración de la restauración de la dentadura postiza o el uso de alternativas más seguras para personas con alto riesgo.
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