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Microbiota intestinal humana comensal produce compuestos neuroactivos específicos de especies

Anna M Tingler¹, Charulekha Packirisamy¹, Alyssa Gutierrez¹

¹Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

|February 3, 2026

Resumen

Las bacterias intestinales producen diversos compuestos neuroactivos como el ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA) y la triptamina a partir de nutrientes. Esto destaca la microbiota intestinal

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología; Neurociencia; Metabolómica

Sus antecedentes:

El papel de la microbiota intestinal en la producción de moléculas neuroactivas no se comprende completamente.; Se sabe que las bacterias comensales influyen en la fisiología del huésped a través de diversos metabolitos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar metabolitos neuroactivos específicos producidos por ocho especies comunes de bacterias intestinales.; Investigar el consumo de aminoácidos y la producción de neuroquímicos por estas bacterias.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó cromatografía líquida-espectrometría de masas en tándem (LC-MS/MS) dirigida y no dirigida.; Se analizaron los perfiles de metabolitos de ocho especies de bacterias intestinales comensales: *Lactococcus lactis*, *Enterococcus faecalis*, *Blautia producta*, *Clostridium symbiosum*, *Streptococcus thermophilus*, *Prevotella copri*, *Bacteroides fragilis* y *Escherichia coli* Nissle.; Se cuantificó el consumo de aminoácidos y la producción de metabolitos.

Principales resultados:

Las bacterias consumieron diferencialmente glutamina, glutamato y triptófano, produciendo distintos metabolitos neuroactivos.; *Escherichia coli* y *Blautia producta* produjeron altos niveles de ácido gamma-aminobutírico (GABA).; *Prevotella copri* produjo triptamina de forma única; *Enterococcus faecalis* sintetizó tiramina y dopamina; *Lactococcus lactis*, *Blautia producta* y *Escherichia coli* produjeron L-DOPA.; No se detectaron serotonina ni intermedios a pesar del consumo de triptófano.; Varias especies produjeron ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC).

Conclusiones:

Los microbios intestinales comensales producen una variedad de metabolitos neuroactivos y AGCC.; Estos metabolitos microbianos contribuyen a la neuroquímica del huésped.; La modulación de la microbiota intestinal tiene un potencial terapéutico para influir en la salud humana.

Palabras clave:

biología microbiología ciencias naturales

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