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Corrección de Equidad en Modelos Predictivos de COVID-19 Mediante Optimización Demográfica: Estudio de Desarrollo y

Naman Awasthi1, Saad Abrar1, Daniel Smolyak1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, 8125 Paint Branch Ave, College Park, MD, 20742, United States, 1 2402806921.

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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio presenta la Optimización Demográfica (DemOpts), un nuevo método para mejorar la equidad en la predicción de casos de COVID-19. DemOpts reduce los errores de predicción entre grupos raciales y étnicos, lo que conduce a una asignación más equitativa de los recursos de salud pública.

Palabras clave:
predicción de COVID-19modelo de aprendizaje profundoequidadregresiónmodelo de series temporales

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Epidemiología
  • Ciencia de Datos
  • Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los modelos de predicción de COVID-19 son cruciales para la asignación de recursos y las estrategias de intervención.
  • Los modelos de vanguardia utilizan datos multimodales pero sufren de subregistro y sesgos de muestreo que afectan a los grupos minoritarios.
  • Estos sesgos conducen a la falta de equidad en las predicciones de COVID-19 entre diferentes grupos raciales y étnicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir un método novedoso de corrección de equidad para la predicción de casos de COVID-19 a nivel agregado.
  • Mejorar la equidad de los modelos predictivos utilizados en la toma de decisiones de salud pública.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó análisis de paridad de errores duros y blandos para evaluar marcos de equidad.
  • Propuso e implementó la Optimización Demográfica (DemOpts), un método de eliminación de sesgos para modelos de aprendizaje profundo.
  • Probó DemOpts frente a enfoques existentes de corrección de equidad.

Principales resultados:

  • Demostró diferencias significativas en los errores medios de predicción entre grupos raciales y étnicos en modelos de vanguardia de COVID-19.
  • Mostró que DemOpts logra una paridad de errores superior en comparación con otros métodos de eliminación de sesgos.
  • Confirmó que DemOpts reduce eficazmente las disparidades en las distribuciones de errores medios entre grupos demográficos.

Conclusiones:

  • Se presenta la Optimización Demográfica (DemOpts) como un método eficaz para reducir las diferencias en la paridad de errores.
  • DemOpts genera modelos de predicción de COVID-19 más equitativos en comparación con los enfoques existentes en la literatura.
  • El método mejora la fiabilidad de las predicciones para una planificación equitativa de la salud pública.