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Propiedades optoelectrónicas homogeneizadas en perovskitas: logrando células solares de alta eficiencia con aditivos
Junke Wang1, Shuaifeng Hu1, Xinyu Gu2
1Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 3, 2026
Resumen
La combinación de aditivos de cloruro de metilamonio (MACl) y cloruro de plomo (PbCl2) mejora la calidad de la película de perovskita para las células solares eficientes. Esta estrategia mejora la uniformidad y la estabilidad, cruciales para el avance de la fotovoltaica de perovskita.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
- La energía fotovoltaica es fotovoltaica.
- Química del estado sólido.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las células solares de perovskita requieren películas de alta calidad para un rendimiento óptimo.
- Los aditivos de cloruro como el cloruro de plomo (PbCl2) y el cloruro de metilamonio (MACl) se utilizan para controlar la cristalización de la perovskita.
- Los efectos específicos de las diferentes formas de aditivos de cloruro en la uniformidad de la película no se comprenden completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el impacto de diferentes aditivos de cloruro en las propiedades de la película de perovskita.
- Comprender cómo los aditivos de cloruro influyen en las transiciones de fase y la dinámica de las portadoras.
- Desarrollar una estrategia para mejorar el rendimiento y la estabilidad de las células solares de perovskita de gran área.
Principales métodos:
- Fabricación de películas de perovskita utilizando diferentes combinaciones de MACl y PbCl2.
- Caracterización de la cristalinidad de la película, morfología y propiedades optoelectrónicas.
- Fabricación y ensayo de las células solares de perovskita invertida (p-i-n).
Principales resultados:
- La combinación estratégica de MACl y PbCl2 mejoró la cristalinidad y la uniformidad optoelectrónica.
- Se han logrado eficiencias certificadas del 26,4% (0,05 cm2) y del 24,5% (1 cm2) para las células solares de perovskita invertida.
- Los dispositivos conservaron un 88% de rendimiento después de 1200 horas de funcionamiento a 65 °C.
Conclusiones:
- Se aclararon las diferencias mecánicas entre las formas de aditivos de cloruro.
- La combinación de MACl y PbCl2 ofrece una estrategia viable para la energía fotovoltaica de perovskita de alta eficiencia, estable y de gran área.
- Los hallazgos contribuyen al avance de la tecnología solar de perovskita térmicamente estable.
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