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Explicación de la variación en la práctica clínica de los programas de tratamiento de opioides de VA tras la reforma
Jessica J Wyse1,2, Alison C Eckhardt1, Travis I Lovejoy1,3,4
1Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
Substance use & addiction journal
|February 4, 2026
Resumen
Los programas de tratamiento de opioides (OTP) mostraron una adopción variada de prácticas clínicas flexibles después de COVID-19. Administradores
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de la Adicción
- Políticas de Salud Pública
- Métodos de Investigación Cualitativa
Sus antecedentes:
- Las exenciones de emergencia de COVID-19 permitieron a los programas de tratamiento de opioides (OTP) una mayor flexibilidad, incluidas las dosis de metadona para llevar a casa y la telesalud.
- Estos cambios fueron generalmente bien recibidos por los pacientes y los médicos sin impactos negativos aparentes en la seguridad.
- Sin embargo, la adopción varió, y algunos OTP volvieron a las prácticas anteriores a la pandemia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar las variaciones en las prácticas clínicas en los OTP del Departamento de Asuntos de Veteranos (VA) de EE. UU. después de la flexibilidad regulatoria.
- Comprender las creencias y perspectivas de los administradores de OTP que influyen en las decisiones sobre la adopción de cambios programáticos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio cualitativo que involucró entrevistas semiestructuradas con administradores de 28 de los 33 OTP de VA.
- Datos analizados mediante un enfoque inductivo-deductivo con el método de marco para la comparación entre sitios.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron diversas políticas con respecto a las dosis para llevar a casa, las pruebas de toxicología y los requisitos de asistencia grupal.
- La utilización de la telesalud aumentó ampliamente; sin embargo, la adopción de otras flexibilidades dependió de las percepciones de riesgo e impacto terapéutico de los administradores.
- Los administradores desearon orientación para una atención consistente y equitativa a pesar de apreciar la individualización del tratamiento.
Conclusiones:
- Existe una variación significativa en las prácticas clínicas de los OTP de VA después de las reformas regulatorias.
- Se necesita más investigación para evaluar el impacto de estas prácticas clínicas en la participación del paciente, la retención y la calidad de la atención en el panorama regulatorio cambiante.
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