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La dificultad en el cálculo numérico impacta las decisiones motoras en una tarea de señal de detención
Isabel Beatrice Marc1, Valentina Giuffrida1,2, Mariella Segreti1,2
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
The European journal of neuroscience
|February 4, 2026
Resumen
La dificultad cognitiva, medida por la distancia numérica (DN), impacta la toma de decisiones. Las comparaciones numéricas más fáciles mejoran la velocidad y la precisión de la respuesta, mejorando tanto la iniciación como la inhibición del movimiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Cognitiva
- Neurociencia
- Ciencia de la Decisión
Sus antecedentes:
- La toma de decisiones eficaz depende de la interpretación precisa de la información ambiental.
- La carga cognitiva de la interpretación compleja puede obstaculizar los procesos de decisión.
- La distancia numérica (DN) cuantifica la demanda cognitiva en las comparaciones numéricas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la distancia numérica (DN) influye en la iniciación y la inhibición del movimiento.
- Examinar el impacto de la demanda cognitiva en el control motor y la toma de decisiones.
- Elucidar la relación entre el procesamiento cognitivo y las respuestas motoras.
Principales métodos:
- Se desarrolló una nueva tarea de señal de detención de comparación numérica (NC-SST).
- 32 participantes realizaron ensayos con DN variable para las señales Go y Stop.
- Se emplearon modelos generalizados de difusión de deriva y efectos mixtos lineales.
Principales resultados:
- Mayores DN (comparaciones más fáciles) condujeron a respuestas más rápidas y precisas y a un mejor rendimiento de detención.
- Las tasas de deriva aumentaron con la DN de Go y se vieron influenciadas por las asociaciones numéricas espaciales.
- Los parámetros del proceso de Go, especialmente la tasa de deriva, predijeron la detención exitosa, interactuando con la DN de Stop y el retraso de la señal de detención (SSD).
Conclusiones:
- El aumento de la dificultad cognitiva perjudica tanto la iniciación como la inhibición del movimiento.
- Las decisiones motoras integran información cognitiva con características perceptivas.
- Los hallazgos extienden el modelo de carrera clásico al incorporar la integración cognitivo-perceptiva.
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