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Causas de muerte en jugadores de la NBA: un análisis de riesgos competitivos
José A Martínez1, Klaus Langohr2, Luciano Consuegra-Sánchez3
1Business Economics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena member of European University of Technology EUT +, Cartagena, Spain.
BMJ open sport & exercise medicine
|February 4, 2026
Resumen
La mortalidad en jugadores de la National Basketball Association (NBA) se debe principalmente a neoplasias y enfermedades cardiovasculares, especialmente en atletas de ascendencia africana e individuos más altos. La salud a largo plazo de los atletas de élite requiere atención de salud pública.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina deportiva
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los resultados de salud a largo plazo de los atletas profesionales, específicamente los jugadores de la National Basketball Association (NBA), no se comprenden completamente.
- El análisis de las causas de mortalidad en esta población única puede informar las estrategias de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las causas de muerte y los factores de riesgo de mortalidad entre los jugadores de la NBA.
- Utilizar datos verificables de código abierto y un análisis de tiempo hasta el evento con riesgos competitivos.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo incluyó a 4374 jugadores de la NBA desde 1946 hasta julio de 2019.
- La muerte específica por causa se clasificó (neoplasias, enfermedades cardiovasculares, causas externas, idiopáticas).
- Se evaluó la etnia y la altura como predictores utilizando modelos de Cox ajustados por causas específicas.
Principales resultados:
- En julio de 2019, 864 jugadores (19,8%) habían fallecido.
- Las neoplasias y las enfermedades cardiovasculares fueron las principales causas de muerte a partir de los 60 años.
- La ascendencia africana se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de muerte cardiovascular, y la altura con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad por neoplasias y enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Conclusiones:
- Las neoplasias y las enfermedades cardiovasculares son las principales causas de muerte en los jugadores de la NBA.
- Los atletas de ascendencia africana y los individuos más altos enfrentan mayores riesgos de mortalidad.
- La salud a largo plazo de los atletas de élite justifica el reconocimiento como una prioridad de salud pública.
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