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Transcriptómica del dolor humano: lecciones aprendidas hasta ahora
Bradford Hall1, Lauren Cook1, Sijung Yun2
1Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Pain reports
|February 4, 2026
Resumen
El dolor crónico afecta a muchos adultos, lo que requiere una comprensión más profunda de las vías del dolor humano. Los estudios transcriptómicos de los ganglios de la raíz dorsal revelan información, pero resaltan la necesidad de investigación multiómica para encontrar nuevos tratamientos para el dolor.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia; Genómica; Investigación del dolor
Sus antecedentes:
- El dolor crónico es un problema de salud pública importante, que supera la prevalencia de diabetes, depresión e hipertensión en adultos de EE. UU.
- Los modelos animales existentes tienen limitaciones en la traducción de hallazgos a la terapéutica humana, lo que crea una necesidad urgente de investigación del dolor basada en humanos.
- La comprensión de las vías nociceptivas humanas es crucial para el desarrollo de analgésicos eficaces y la mejora de la traducción terapéutica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estudiar sistemáticamente las vías nociceptivas humanas utilizando datos integrados moleculares, celulares y a nivel de sistemas.
- Identificar objetivos clínicamente relevantes para la terapéutica del dolor mediante el análisis de la fisiopatología del dolor crónico humano.
- Aprovechar los avances en la secuenciación de próxima generación y los tejidos derivados de pacientes para la investigación del dolor.
Principales métodos:
- Examinar los cambios transcriptómicos en los ganglios de la raíz dorsal (DRG) de personas con dolor crónico.
- Analizar datos de tecnologías de secuenciación de próxima generación.
- Integrar datos moleculares, celulares y a nivel de sistemas para un estudio integral de las vías nociceptivas.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudios transcriptómicos iniciales de los DRG han investigado afecciones como el dolor radicular/neuropático, la neuropatía diabética y la artritis reumatoide.
- Estos estudios han comenzado a revelar alteraciones transcriptómicas asociadas con estados de dolor crónico.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de enfoques multiómicos para dilucidar completamente los procesos nociceptivos humanos.
Conclusiones:
- El análisis transcriptómico de los DRG humanos proporciona información valiosa sobre los mecanismos del dolor crónico.
- La investigación adicional impulsada por la multiómica es esencial para una comprensión completa y una focalización eficaz de los procesos nociceptivos humanos.
- Este enfoque es fundamental para avanzar en el éxito traslacional en la terapéutica del dolor.
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