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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Transición de fase ferroelástica conmutable magnéticamente en multiférricos bidimensionales

Xu Wang1, Yangyang Feng1, Kaiying Dou1

  • 1School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores descubrieron ferroelasticidad conmutable magnéticamente en multiférricos antiferromagnéticos 2D. Este avance vincula los cambios de magnetización con la conmutación de polarización ferroelástica, allanando el camino para aplicaciones de dispositivos novedosas.

Palabras clave:
materiales 2Dcálculos de primeros principiosferroelasticidad conmutable magnéticamentemultiférricosacoplamiento espín-red

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia condensada
  • Ciencia de materiales
  • Investigación de multiférricos

Sus antecedentes:

  • El acoplamiento multiférrico es crucial para la ciencia fundamental y los dispositivos.
  • Los efectos magnetoeléctricos están bien estudiados, pero el control del acoplamiento ferroelástico sigue siendo un desafío.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Informar e investigar la ferroelasticidad conmutable magnéticamente.
  • Explorar la física subyacente del acoplamiento espín-red en multiférricos 2D.
  • Demostrar el control magnético sobre el orden ferroelástico.

Principales métodos:

  • Investigación teórica del acoplamiento espín-red.
  • Cálculos de primeros principios.
  • Análisis de redes multiférricas antiferromagnéticas 2D.

Principales resultados:

  • Demostró ferroelasticidad conmutable magnéticamente en una red multiférrica antiferromagnética 2D.
  • Identificó el acoplamiento espín-red a través del intercambio antiferromagnético en zigzag como el mecanismo clave.
  • Observó un control magnético robusto de la polarización ferroelástica a través de la ferroelasticidad de 120°.
  • Validó el efecto en la monocapa multiférrica FePS3.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio revela una nueva vía para el control magnético del orden ferroelástico.
  • Los hallazgos abren nuevas vías para el diseño de materiales multiférricos con propiedades sintonizables.
  • Este trabajo avanza la comprensión del acoplamiento multiférrico más allá de los efectos magnetoeléctricos.