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Herramientas y enfoques para estudiar el viroma intestinal humano: del laboratorio a la bioinformática
Haley Anne Hallowell1, Justin Malogan1, Jotham Suez1
1W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
mSystems
|February 4, 2026
Resumen
El viroma intestinal humano, incluidos los virus y los bacteriófagos, juega un papel en la salud pero es difícil de estudiar. Esta revisión cubre métodos para analizar el viroma intestinal para una mejor comprensión de su impacto.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Virología
- Gastroenterología
Sus antecedentes:
- El microbioma intestinal humano comprende bacterias, virus y otros microbios.
- El viroma intestinal, incluidos los bacteriófagos y los virus eucariotas, se comprende menos que las bacterias intestinales.
- El viroma intestinal está relacionado con la salud y la enfermedad humanas, pero es difícil de estudiar.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las metodologías para examinar el viroma intestinal humano.
- Destacar los desafíos y oportunidades en la investigación del viroma intestinal.
- Proporcionar un flujo de trabajo para la identificación de genomas virales a partir de metagenomas fecales.
Principales métodos:
- Técnicas dependientes e independientes de cultivo para el análisis del viroma.
- Cultivo in vitro e in vivo de virus.
- Cribado de alto rendimiento para interacciones virus-bacterias.
- Flujos de trabajo bioinformáticos para identificar genomas virales a partir de datos metagenómicos.
Principales resultados:
- Los métodos existentes enfrentan desafíos en la caracterización del viroma intestinal debido a la alta diversidad y complejidad.
- Ambos enfoques de laboratorio húmedo y seco son cruciales para un análisis integral del viroma.
- La integración sinérgica de técnicas puede mejorar la robustez de los estudios del viroma intestinal.
Conclusiones:
- Se necesitan metodologías avanzadas para caracterizar completamente el viroma intestinal humano.
- La investigación adicional que integra varias técnicas mejorará nuestra comprensión del papel del viroma intestinal en la salud y la enfermedad.
- La optimización de las técnicas de laboratorio húmedo y seco es clave para desbloquear el potencial del viroma intestinal.
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