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Evaluación Mixta de un Programa de Nutrición Dirigido a la Desnutrición Infantil
Gerónimo Brunet1, Alejandra Girona2, Gabriela Fajardo2
1Espacio Interdisciplinario, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Journal of nutrition education and behavior
|February 4, 2026
Resumen
El Programa de Apoyo Alimentario de Montevideo redujo la inseguridad alimentaria y mejoró los marcadores de nutrición infantil. Sin embargo, se necesitan esfuerzos sostenidos para combatir la desnutrición crónica y garantizar el acceso adecuado a los alimentos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Ciencia de la Nutrición
- Política Social
Sus antecedentes:
- La desnutrición infantil sigue siendo un desafío importante de salud pública en entornos urbanos.
- Las intervenciones gubernamentales son cruciales para mitigar las deficiencias nutricionales en poblaciones vulnerables.
- El Programa de Apoyo Alimentario en Montevideo tenía como objetivo proporcionar asistencia económica para el acceso a los alimentos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la efectividad del Programa de Apoyo Alimentario de Montevideo para abordar la desnutrición infantil.
- Evaluar el impacto del programa en la inseguridad alimentaria de los hogares y los patrones dietéticos de los niños.
- Recopilar información cualitativa sobre las percepciones de las madres sobre los beneficios y limitaciones del programa.
Principales métodos:
- Un enfoque de métodos mixtos que combina encuestas cuantitativas y registros médicos con entrevistas cualitativas.
- Análisis de diseño pre-post de 120 niños y sus madres que participan en el programa.
- Evaluación de la inseguridad alimentaria de los hogares, el consumo de alimentos, los datos antropométricos y la retroalimentación de los participantes.
Principales resultados:
- Reducción significativa en las puntuaciones de inseguridad alimentaria de los hogares y aumento del consumo de alimentos ricos en nutrientes.
- Se observaron mejoras en las puntuaciones z de peso para la edad y peso para la longitud, lo que indica un mejor estado nutricional.
- Las madres informaron un impacto económico positivo, pero identificaron la necesidad de mejorar la comunicación y los componentes educativos.
Conclusiones:
- El programa demuestra potencial para abordar las deficiencias nutricionales inmediatas y mejorar las medidas antropométricas.
- La persistente inseguridad alimentaria resalta la necesidad de aumentar las cantidades de las transferencias monetarias o intervenciones complementarias.
- Las estrategias integradas centradas en la desnutrición crónica, la seguridad alimentaria y la calidad de la dieta son esenciales para el impacto a largo plazo.
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