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Haciéndolo Funcionar: Un Estudio Cualitativo de la Colaboración entre Enfermeros y Médicos en Hogares de Atención a
Shirin Vellani1,2, Alexandra Krassikova3, Lynn Haslam-Larmer3
1Virtual Behavioral Medicine, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Resumen
La colaboración eficaz entre enfermeros (NP) y médicos en hogares de atención a largo plazo (LTC) mejora la atención al residente. Los elementos clave para el éxito incluyen una comunicación clara, roles definidos y confianza mutua para superar barreras como la alta carga de trabajo de los NP.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología
- Gestión Sanitaria
- Práctica de Enfermería
Sus antecedentes:
- Los NP y los médicos son cruciales para la atención aguda, episódica y paliativa en los entornos de atención a largo plazo (LTC).
- Su colaboración es vital para prevenir transferencias hospitalarias innecesarias y mejorar el bienestar de los residentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar las características de la colaboración eficaz entre NP y médicos dentro de los entornos de atención a largo plazo.
- Identificar las barreras que dificultan el desarrollo de tales asociaciones colaborativas.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio cualitativo exploratorio que utiliza entrevistas semiestructuradas.
- Involucró a 10 NP y seis médicos que ejercen en hogares de atención a largo plazo de Ontario, Canadá.
- El análisis de datos empleó análisis temático inductivo.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron dos modelos distintos de NP-médico de práctica: colaboración exitosa y asociación fallida.
- La colaboración exitosa se caracterizó por la atención centrada en el residente, relaciones no jerárquicas y definiciones claras de roles.
- Las barreras identificadas incluyeron la falta de confianza, la alta carga de trabajo de los NP y la ambigüedad de roles.
Conclusiones:
- La colaboración entre NP y médicos tiene un potencial significativo para mejorar la calidad de la atención a los residentes en las instalaciones de atención a largo plazo.
- La implementación exitosa requiere una comunicación clara, roles definidos y apoyo de liderazgo para la integración de los NP.
- Fomentar relaciones interprofesionales efectivas es clave para optimizar la práctica colaborativa.
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