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Temas de simulación para la formación especializada en medicina paliativa: una evaluación de necesidades en dos fases
Laurie Lemieux1, Kathryn Nichol2, Purnima Rao3
1Division of Palliative Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Journal of palliative medicine
|February 4, 2026
Resumen
Este estudio identifica temas clave de simulación para la formación en medicina paliativa, incluido el manejo de síntomas complejos y emergencias. Los hallazgos guiarán el desarrollo de un plan de estudios estructurado para mejorar la educación especializada.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación Médica
- Cuidados Paliativos
- Aprendizaje Basado en Simulación
Sus antecedentes:
- El uso de la simulación en medicina paliativa es limitado, principalmente a la comunicación y el manejo del dolor.
- Se necesita un currículo de simulación estructurado para el manejo de síntomas complejos y emergencias en medicina paliativa.
- La formación actual carece de un enfoque sistemático para la simulación en cuidados paliativos avanzados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y priorizar temas clínicos cruciales para el currículo de simulación de formación especializada en medicina paliativa.
- Establecer una lista consensuada de temas de simulación de alta prioridad.
- Informar el desarrollo de un currículo integral de simulación en medicina paliativa.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó el modelo de desarrollo curricular de seis pasos de Kern.
- Se realizó una evaluación de necesidades en dos fases: una encuesta a 101 profesionales de cuidados paliativos y un estudio de consenso del método Delphi con 46 participantes.
- Se empleó un enfoque sistemático para identificar y priorizar las necesidades de formación en simulación.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron diez temas de simulación de alta prioridad: crisis de disnea, manejo del dolor complejo, crisis de dolor agudo, delirio agitado terminal, obstrucción de las vías respiratorias, angustia existencial, sedación paliativa, náuseas y vómitos intratables, trastorno por uso de opioides y retirada del soporte ventilatorio.
- Estos temas se alinean con la educación basada en competencias y las actividades profesionales confiables.
- Los temas priorizados abordan escenarios clínicos críticos y complejos en medicina paliativa.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio aborda una brecha significativa en la formación basada en simulación para situaciones de cuidados paliativos complejas y emergentes.
- Los próximos pasos incluyen la validación con directores de programas y la asignación de recursos para el desarrollo curricular.
- Este trabajo apoya un esfuerzo colaborativo para avanzar en la educación especializada en medicina paliativa a través de la simulación.
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