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Desarrollo y Validación de un Modelo de Aprendizaje Automático que Utiliza la Voz para Predecir el Riesgo de

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El aprendizaje automático predice con precisión el riesgo de aspiración analizando las fonaciones de vocales. Este novedoso algoritmo ofrece una herramienta no invasiva para evaluar la seguridad de la deglución, comparable a la de los médicos expertos.

Palabras clave:
aprendizaje automáticoriesgo de aspiraciónfonación de vocalesevaluación no invasivaotorrinolaringología

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Otorrinolaringología; Ciencia del Habla; Inteligencia Artificial

Sus antecedentes:

  • La aspiración presenta riesgos para las enfermedades respiratorias, pero los métodos de diagnóstico actuales son invasivos o poco fiables.; Las evaluaciones subjetivas en el lecho del paciente carecen de consistencia, mientras que pruebas como la VFSS y la FEES requieren muchos recursos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y validar un algoritmo de aprendizaje automático (ML) para predecir el riesgo de aspiración.; El algoritmo analiza las características acústicas de las fonaciones de vocales simples.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis retrospectivo de las fonaciones de vocales [i] de 163 pacientes, registrando características acústicas.; Modelo de ML supervisado entrenado para diferenciar aspiradores de alto y bajo riesgo, utilizando la VFSS como referencia.; El modelo se validó en una cohorte externa y se comparó con logopedas (SLP).

Principales resultados:

  • El modelo de ML mostró diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de riesgo entre los grupos de aspiración de alto riesgo (0,530) y bajo riesgo (0,243) (p<0,001).; Se logró un Área Bajo la Curva (AUC) de 0,76 en la cohorte de desarrollo y 0,70 en la cohorte externa.; El rendimiento del modelo de ML fue comparable al de los logopedas capacitados en la clasificación del riesgo de aspiración.

Conclusiones:

  • Las características cuantificables de la voz en pacientes de otorrinolaringología (ENT) se correlacionan con el riesgo de aspiración.; Un modelo de ML que analiza la fonación sostenida puede detectar eficazmente las diferencias entre aspiradores de alto y bajo riesgo.; Este enfoque ofrece un método prometedor y no invasivo para la evaluación del riesgo de aspiración.