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Capacidad y Utilización de Camas en Hospitales con Centros de Trauma
Pawan Acharya1,2, Kristan Staudenmayer3, Molly P Jarman4
1Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
JAMA surgery
|February 4, 2026
Resumen
Los centros de trauma de EE. UU., especialmente los de Nivel I/II, enfrentan alta ocupación, lo que limita la capacidad de sobrecarga. Esto resalta la necesidad crítica de planificación nacional del sistema de trauma y una mejor resiliencia para manejar eventos de víctimas masivas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de Emergencia; Investigación de Sistemas de Salud; Preparación de Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La creciente demanda en los sistemas de atención de trauma de EE. UU. requiere una evaluación de la utilización actual de camas y la capacidad de sobrecarga para eventos de víctimas masivas.; Comprender la ocupación de camas de trauma y la capacidad de reserva es crucial para una preparación y respuesta nacional efectivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la ocupación y distribución de camas designadas para trauma de adultos en hospitales de EE. UU.; Evaluar la capacidad del sistema de trauma de EE. UU. para absorber aumentos repentinos y sostenidos en el volumen de trauma.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal analizó 121 semanas de datos de camas a nivel de instalación para 2027 centros de trauma de EE. UU. (enero de 2022-abril de 2024).; El modelado de simulación evaluó la capacidad de camas bajo varios escenarios de afluencia de víctimas, centrándose en los centros de trauma de Nivel I/II.
Principales resultados:
- Los centros de trauma de Nivel I/II operaron consistentemente por encima del 80% de ocupación de camas de hospitalización y del 75% de ocupación de camas de UCI, con disparidades regionales significativas.; La simulación mostró déficits nacionales de camas de trauma que superan las 20,000 camas en 45 días con tasas de afluencia de 1500-2000 pacientes por día.; Incluso afluencias modestas de 241 pacientes por día saturaron las camas designadas para trauma en 90 días.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema de trauma de EE. UU., particularmente los centros terciarios, opera con alta ocupación y capacidad de reserva limitada para sobrecargas.; Necesidad urgente de planificación nacional de la capacidad de trauma, equilibrio de carga regional e infraestructura escalable para mejorar la resiliencia del sistema.
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