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Carga de amiloide, metabolismo cerebral y volumen de materia gris en SuperAgers

Adalberto Studart-Neto¹, Artur Martins Coutinho², Camila de Godoi Carneiro²

¹Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria

|February 4, 2026

Resumen

Los SuperAgers (SA) exhiben una memoria preservada a pesar de niveles de amiloide similares a los controles. Un metabolismo y un volumen de materia gris mejorados en regiones cerebrales específicas pueden respaldar su función cognitiva excepcional.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia; Gerontología; Radiología

Sus antecedentes:

Los SuperAgers (SA) son individuos de 80 años o más con habilidades cognitivas 20-30 años más jóvenes.; Pocos estudios emplean neuroimagen multimodal para comprender a los SA.; El depósito de amiloide, el metabolismo de la glucosa y el volumen de materia gris son factores clave en el envejecimiento cognitivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los fundamentos neurobiológicos del envejecimiento cognitivo excepcional en SuperAgers.; Evaluar el depósito cortical de amiloide, el metabolismo regional de la glucosa en el cerebro (rBGM) y el volumen de materia gris (GMV).; Examinar las asociaciones entre estos marcadores de neuroimagen, el rendimiento cognitivo y el deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (SCD).

Principales métodos:

Se compararon SuperAgers (SA, n=11) con controles sanos de edad comparable (HC80, n=23) y más jóvenes (HC60, n=23).; Se utilizó Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones (PET) con 11C-PIB y 18F-FDG con análisis 3D-SSP.; Se empleó Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 (SPM8) para comparaciones de grupos.

Principales resultados:

Los SuperAgers tuvieron una carga de amiloide similar (positividad PIB-PET) a los HC80, pero el depósito de amiloide se correlacionó con un peor recuerdo de la memoria.; Los SuperAgers mostraron un aumento de rBGM en el giro cingulado anterior y el caudado, y un aumento de GMV en el putamen en comparación con los HC80.; Seis SuperAgers informaron de Deterioro Cognitivo Subjetivo (SCD), y tres de ellos también fueron positivos para PIB-PET.

Conclusiones:

Los SuperAgers demuestran una cognición preservada a pesar de niveles de amiloide comparables a los controles, lo que indica resiliencia.; El aumento del metabolismo y del volumen de materia gris en la red de la saliencia y el estriado se asocian con un envejecimiento cognitivo exitoso.; El depósito de amiloide afecta la memoria en los SuperAgers, lo que resalta la compleja relación entre la patología y la reserva cognitiva.

Palabras clave:

SuperAgers envejecimiento cognitivo neuroimagen amiloide metabolismo cerebral volumen de materia gris

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