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Transformación del diagnóstico patológico del cáncer de cuello uterino mediante inteligencia artificial: avances,
Yue Zhang1, Jiangbo Yuan2, Lin Chen1
1Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
Frontiers in oncology
|February 5, 2026
Resumen
La inteligencia artificial (IA) muestra potencial para mejorar el diagnóstico patológico del cáncer de cuello uterino, aumentando la precisión y la velocidad. Sin embargo, se deben abordar los desafíos de estandarización y validación clínica para su adopción generalizada.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Informática Médica
- Oncología
- Patología
Sus antecedentes:
- El diagnóstico patológico del cáncer de cuello uterino enfrenta desafíos como la escasez de patólogos y la interpretación subjetiva.
- Las tasas de detección inconsistentes impactan la confiabilidad del diagnóstico y los resultados de los pacientes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente el estado de aplicación y el desarrollo de la IA en el diagnóstico patológico del cáncer de cuello uterino.
- Identificar los desafíos clave y las perspectivas de la tecnología de IA en este campo.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura de estudios de enero de 2015 a agosto de 2025.
- Se buscaron en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science términos como 'inteligencia artificial', 'cáncer de cuello uterino' y 'diagnóstico patológico'.
- Se incluyeron estudios sobre IA en diagnósticos histopatológicos, inmunohistoquímicos y patológicos moleculares; se excluyeron estudios en animales y análisis genómicos no relacionados.
Principales resultados:
- 56 de 1.847 estudios identificados fueron incluidos, destacando el potencial de la IA en el análisis de imágenes y el soporte diagnóstico.
- Los modelos de aprendizaje profundo, en particular las redes neuronales convolucionales, lograron una precisión del 92-98% y redujeron significativamente el tiempo de procesamiento.
- Los desafíos de implementación incluyen la estandarización, la validación clínica limitada y los altos costos de infraestructura.
Conclusiones:
- La IA ofrece un potencial significativo para abordar la escasez de patólogos y mejorar la estandarización del diagnóstico en el cáncer de cuello uterino.
- La tecnología es particularmente adecuada para entornos con recursos limitados, ayudando a los objetivos globales de eliminación.
- La implementación clínica generalizada requiere superar los obstáculos de estandarización y validación.
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