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Encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor NMDA con presentación de psicosis aguda
Tatiana Mengistu1, Anuj Subedi2, Uchenna Unamba2
1Ross University School of Medicine Miramar Florida USA.
Clinical case reports
|February 5, 2026
Resumen
La encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor NMDA puede afectar a adultos jóvenes con síntomas psiquiátricos y deterioro neurológico. El diagnóstico y la inmunoterapia tempranos son cruciales para la recuperación, incluso si no hay tumores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Inmunología
- Psiquiatría
Sus antecedentes:
- La encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) es un trastorno autoinmune.
- A menudo se presenta con síntomas neuropsiquiátricos y déficits neurológicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Destacar la importancia de considerar la encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor NMDA en adultos jóvenes con grupos de síntomas específicos.
- Enfatizar la necesidad de un diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de casos de adultos jóvenes con síntomas psiquiátricos agudos, deterioro neurológico, catatonia e inestabilidad autonómica.
- Estudio diagnóstico que incluye examen neurológico y, potencialmente, pruebas de anticuerpos.
- Tratamiento con inmunoterapia.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes que presentan esta constelación de síntomas pueden tener encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor NMDA.
- La ausencia de tumores detectables no excluye el diagnóstico.
- La inmunoterapia rápida condujo a una recuperación neurológica favorable en los casos identificados.
Conclusiones:
- Se debe sospechar encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor NMDA en adultos jóvenes con síntomas psiquiátricos agudos y deterioro neurológico rápido.
- La inmunoterapia temprana es fundamental para lograr buenos resultados neurológicos.
- El diagnóstico es importante incluso en ausencia de tumores asociados.
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