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Vías desde la contingencia social hasta el aprendizaje del lenguaje en el lactante

Catalina Suarez-Rivera1,2, Catherine S Tamis-LeMonda1

  • 1New York University Steinhardt School of Culture Education and Human Development , New York, NY, USA.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
|February 5, 2026
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Resumen

Las contingencias sociales, las respuestas oportunas del lactante, mejoran el aprendizaje temprano al desarrollar la atención, la memoria y las habilidades de comunicación. Estas interacciones crean bucles de retroalimentación que promueven el compromiso y el desarrollo sostenidos del lactante.

Palabras clave:
desarrollo del lenguajemecanismos de influenciainteracciones padres-hijoscapacidad de respuestacontingencia socialaprendizaje de palabras

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología del Desarrollo
  • Ciencia Cognitiva
  • Lingüística

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se sabe que las contingencias sociales, definidas como respuestas oportunas a las acciones del lactante, facilitan el aprendizaje del lactante.
  • Sin embargo, los mecanismos específicos a través de los cuales las contingencias sociales influyen en el aprendizaje, particularmente en la adquisición temprana de palabras, no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proponer y elaborar las vías que vinculan la acción del lactante, la contingencia social y el aprendizaje del lactante.
  • Utilizar el aprendizaje temprano de palabras como sistema modelo para ilustrar estos mecanismos.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión y síntesis de la investigación existente sobre contingencias sociales y aprendizaje del lactante.
  • Desarrollo de un marco teórico para explicar los mecanismos de influencia.

Principales resultados:

  • La contingencia social mejora el aprendizaje del lactante al aprovechar la atención del lactante.
  • Fomenta experiencias multisensoriales y crea bucles de retroalimentación autosostenidos para un compromiso continuo.
  • Ayuda a la consolidación de la memoria y apoya la adquisición de la pragmática de la comunicación.

Conclusiones:

  • La contingencia social juega un papel crucial en el aprendizaje del lactante a través de múltiples vías interconectadas.
  • Estos mecanismos se extienden más allá de la infancia y a través de diversos dominios de desarrollo.
  • Comprender estos mecanismos es clave para comprender el aprendizaje social en diferentes escalas de tiempo.