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Ginkgo biloba para el deterioro cognitivo y la demencia
Lisa S Wieland1, Emilie Ludeman2, Yuan Chi3,4,5
1Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|February 5, 2026
Resumen
Ginkgo biloba muestra beneficios inciertos para quejas cognitivas subjetivas y deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI). Para la demencia, puede ofrecer ligeras mejoras en la cognición, el funcionamiento diario y el estado clínico, sin un aumento significativo de eventos adversos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia y Farmacología
- Medicina Basada en la Evidencia
- Investigación en Medicina Herbal
Sus antecedentes:
- La demencia es un trastorno neurocognitivo progresivo que afecta la cognición y el funcionamiento diario.
- El deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) es un factor de riesgo importante para la demencia.
- Los tratamientos actuales para la demencia carecen de capacidades curativas o de ralentización de la enfermedad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del Ginkgo biloba para el deterioro cognitivo y la demencia.
- Sintetizar la evidencia de ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECR) sobre los efectos del Ginkgo biloba.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de 82 ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECR) que involucraron a 10.613 participantes.
- Los estudios incluidos compararon el Ginkgo biloba con placebo u otros tratamientos para problemas cognitivos.
- Los resultados evaluados incluyeron el estado clínico global, la función cognitiva, las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD), los eventos adversos (EA) y los eventos adversos graves (SAE).
Principales resultados:
- Para las quejas cognitivas subjetivas, el efecto del Ginkgo biloba sobre el estado global es incierto; un estudio indicó un posible aumento de los EA.
- En el deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI), el Ginkgo biloba demostró poco o ningún efecto sobre el estado global, la cognición o las AVD a los seis meses.
- En la demencia, el Ginkgo biloba mostró posibles beneficios pequeños a moderados en el estado global, la cognición y las AVD a los seis meses, sin un aumento significativo de los EA o SAEs.
Conclusiones:
- La eficacia del Ginkgo biloba para las quejas cognitivas subjetivas y el MCI sigue siendo incierta, con potencial de aumento de los EA a corto plazo.
- Para la demencia, el Ginkgo biloba puede ofrecer mejoras modestas en la función cognitiva y las actividades diarias, con un perfil de seguridad generalmente favorable.
- Se necesita más investigación para aclarar el papel del Ginkgo biloba en el manejo del deterioro cognitivo y la demencia.
Palabras clave:
Ginkgo bilobadeterioro cognitivodemenciaensayos controlados aleatorizadosmedicina herbalMás Videos Relacionados
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