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Aprendizaje cerrado sin retroalimentación con proyección hacia adelante

Robert O'Shea1, Bipin Rajendran2,3

  • 1Centre for Intelligent Information Processing Systems, Department of Engineering, King's College London, London, UK. k1930297@kcl.ac.uk.

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|February 5, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La proyección hacia adelante (FP) es un método de entrenamiento novedoso que permite el aprendizaje eficiente de redes neuronales sin retropropagación. Este enfoque logra un rendimiento comparable a los métodos de descenso de gradiente con importantes aceleraciones e interpretabilidad mejorada.

Palabras clave:
proyección hacia adelanteaprendizaje sin retropropagaciónredes neuronalesaprendizaje eficienteinterpretabilidadpotenciales de membranaaprendizaje de pocas muestras

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia computacional
  • Aprendizaje automático

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los métodos actuales sin retropropagación se basan en la retroalimentación de errores local para la optimización.
  • Existe una limitación significativa en entornos que carecen de comunicación retrógrada para la sintonización de pesos presinápticos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Presentar la Proyección hacia Adelante (FP), un método de entrenamiento que evita la comunicación retrógrada.
  • Permitir el entrenamiento eficiente de redes neuronales utilizando un solo pase hacia adelante.

Principales métodos:

  • La FP emplea proyecciones no lineales aleatorias para generar potenciales de membrana preactivación objetivo.
  • Las funciones de pérdida local se optimizan mediante regresión de forma cerrada, lo que elimina la necesidad de retroalimentación de capas posteriores.
  • El método utiliza un solo pase hacia adelante a través del conjunto de datos.

Principales resultados:

  • La FP logra un rendimiento de generalización comparable a los métodos de aprendizaje local basados en descenso de gradiente.
  • Se observan importantes aceleraciones en el entrenamiento debido al requisito de un solo pase hacia adelante.
  • En el aprendizaje de pocas muestras, los modelos de FP demuestran una generalizabilidad superior en comparación con los modelos optimizados por retropropagación.
  • Los potenciales de membrana capa por capa en las redes de FP proporcionan predicciones de etiquetas interpretables.

Conclusiones:

  • La Proyección hacia Adelante ofrece una alternativa eficiente e interpretable a los métodos de entrenamiento tradicionales.
  • La FP es particularmente ventajosa en escenarios con comunicación retrógrada limitada o nula.
  • El método muestra ser prometedor para aplicaciones biomédicas, incluida la identificación de características diagnósticas en tareas de aprendizaje de pocas muestras.