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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Factores Socioeconómicos que Afectan la Agudeza Visual en Campamentos de Cataratas
Research square
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
Los campamentos de cataratas mejoran la visión, especialmente donde operan menos cirujanos. La capacitación de oftalmólogos locales en extracción extracapsular de cataratas (ECCE) puede maximizar el impacto en entornos de bajos recursos para la ceguera reversible.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oftalmología; Salud Global; Socioeconomía
Sus antecedentes:
- Las cataratas son la principal causa de ceguera reversible a nivel mundial.; Los campamentos de cataratas ofrecen soluciones de tratamiento a gran escala, aunque temporales y que requieren muchos recursos.; Comprender las influencias socioeconómicas en la agudeza visual después de la cirugía en campamentos es crucial para optimizar los resultados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los factores socioeconómicos que impactan las mejoras a corto plazo en la agudeza visual después de la cirugía de cataratas en campamentos globales.; Analizar la relación entre los resultados visuales y los indicadores socioeconómicos nacionales/regionales.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio observacional de 52 campamentos de cataratas en 17 países de ingresos bajos y medianos.; Regresión lineal de efectos mixtos que analiza los cambios en la agudeza visual sin corregir (AVSC) LogMAR de 1 a 4 días postoperatorios.; Inclusión de factores socioeconómicos: PIB per cápita, Índice de Desarrollo Humano, Tasa de Cirugía de Cataratas y densidad de oftalmólogos.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una disminución significativa en la LogMAR AVSC en 4110 pacientes a los cuatro días postoperatorios (p < 0.0001).; Una mayor mejora en la agudeza visual se correlacionó con un menor número de oftalmólogos por millón que realizan cirugía de cataratas (p = 0.0227).; Los pacientes de extracapsión de cataratas (ECCE) mostraron una mayor disminución diaria de la LogMAR AVSC postoperatoria (p < 0.0001).
Conclusiones:
- Los campamentos de cataratas en regiones con menos cirujanos que realizan ECCE demostraron las mejoras visuales más significativas.; Centrarse en las poblaciones de estas áreas y mejorar la capacitación quirúrgica local en ECCE puede amplificar el impacto en la reducción de la ceguera inducida por cataratas en entornos de bajos recursos.
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