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Conocimientos y Prácticas de los Padres sobre Higiene Bucal Infantil: Una Encuesta Transversal
Renea Popovic1, Stipo Cvitanovic2, Inge Sarac1
1Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, BIH.
Cureus
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
La mayoría de los padres y niños se cepillan los dientes a diario, pero muchos padres carecen de conocimientos sobre las prácticas recomendadas de higiene bucal para niños. Esto afecta los resultados de salud bucal de los niños.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública; Odontología Pediátrica; Educación para la Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las prácticas eficaces de higiene bucal en la infancia son cruciales para la salud dental a largo plazo.; El conocimiento y los comportamientos de los padres influyen significativamente en los resultados de la higiene bucal infantil.; Comprender las prácticas actuales y las lagunas de conocimiento es esencial para intervenciones específicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el conocimiento de los padres sobre las prácticas recomendadas de higiene bucal infantil.; Describir los comportamientos de higiene bucal en las familias (padres e hijos).; Identificar los factores asociados con los resultados de la higiene bucal infantil.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal en el que participaron 405 padres/tutores de niños de 0 a 18 años en Mostar.; Un cuestionario validado evaluó datos sociodemográficos, hábitos de higiene bucal y conocimientos de los padres.; Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron estadísticas descriptivas, correlación de Spearman, pruebas U de Mann-Whitney y chi-cuadrado (p<0,05).
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron altas tasas de cepillado dental diario (90,6% padres, 88,6% niños).; Solo el 34,3% de los padres iniciaron el cepillado dental infantil antes del primer año; la media de la primera visita al dentista fue de 3,42 años.; La higiene bucal de los niños se relacionó con la educación materna, la frecuencia de cepillado de los padres, el uso de productos y el conocimiento de los padres (todos p<0,05).
Conclusiones:
- A pesar del frecuente cepillado de dientes, los padres a menudo se desvían de las prácticas recomendadas, como la iniciación temprana del cepillado, la dosis correcta de pasta de dientes y las visitas dentales oportunas.; El conocimiento de los padres y la educación materna son predictores clave de la higiene bucal infantil.; Las directrices nacionales y la educación parental sistemática son vitales para mejorar la salud bucal infantil en Bosnia y Herzegovina.
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