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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Esconder y Buscar: Inteligencia Artificial con Preservación de la Privacidad con un Estudio de Viabilidad en el
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
El cifrado homomórfico (HE) permite el diagnóstico clínico seguro asistido por IA al permitir cálculos sobre datos de pacientes cifrados. Este marco de preservación de la privacidad integra HE con modelos de lenguaje grandes (LLM) para un diagnóstico preciso de enfermedades raras sin comprometer información sensible.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inteligencia artificial en la atención médica
- Criptografía
- Informática médica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas de apoyo a la decisión clínica a menudo requieren compartir datos sensibles de los pacientes, lo que plantea riesgos de privacidad.
- El cifrado homomórfico (HE) permite realizar cálculos sobre datos cifrados, salvaguardando la confidencialidad del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un marco de diagnóstico asistido por LLM (modelo de lenguaje grande) que utilice HE para el análisis privado de textos clínicos.
- Validar la utilidad de la HE en el diagnóstico de enfermedades raras (ER) y confirmar que no obstaculiza el rendimiento del sistema.
Principales métodos:
- Los LLM incrustaron historiales de pacientes y bases de conocimiento de ER en vectores, que luego se cifraron utilizando HE.
- Se generaron recomendaciones de diagnóstico comparando vectores cifrados en un espacio seguro.
- El marco se evaluó utilizando 50 informes de casos sintéticos de enfermedades raras.
Principales resultados:
- La HE protegió eficazmente la información privada contra ataques de ingeniería inversa.
- La HE demostró un impacto mínimo en la precisión del diagnóstico (nDCG 0.6108 frente a 0.6083).
- La precisión y el rendimiento fueron consistentes y ajustables en cinco LLM.
Conclusiones:
- El marco de preservación de la privacidad facilita soluciones de IA seguras en todas las instituciones, eliminando la necesidad de desidentificación local de datos.
- La integración de HE con la recuperación de LLM promueve servicios de IA seguros, precisos y ampliamente accesibles.
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