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Estudio multi-ascendencia de asociación de todo el genoma de la ansiedad generalizada
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
El análisis epigenético a gran escala del trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) identificó cambios significativos en la metilación del ADN. Sin embargo, el estado de fumador confundió muchos hallazgos y las puntuaciones de riesgo de metilación no se replicaron en una cohorte independiente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epigenética psiquiátrica
- Medicina genómica
- Bioestadística
Sus antecedentes:
- Los estudios epigenéticos, especialmente los estudios de asociación de todo el genoma (EWAS), a menudo se ven limitados por el tamaño de muestra pequeño.
- Esta limitación dificulta el descubrimiento de hallazgos robustos y replicables en trastornos complejos como el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar una de las investigaciones epigenéticas más grandes de TAG utilizando un conjunto de datos sustancial.
- Evaluar la metilación diferencial del ADN en casos de TAG frente a controles en diversos grupos de ascendencia genética.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de 43.504 participantes del Million Veteran Program (MVP).
- Se realizaron análisis de asociación de todo el genoma para la metilación diferencial del ADN en las ascendencias europea (EUR), africana (AFR) y latinoamericana (AMR).
- Se construyeron puntuaciones de riesgo de metilación (MRS) utilizando agrupamiento y correlación, seguidos de validación cruzada leave-one-out e intento de replicación independiente.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 49 sitios CpG que alcanzaron significancia a nivel de epigenoma en todas las ascendencias.
- El control del tabaquismo redujo significativamente el número de sitios CpG significativos en el grupo de ascendencia europea.
- El MRS mostró una asociación significativa con el TAG en la cohorte MVP, pero no se replicó en una muestra escocesa independiente.
Conclusiones:
- Los estudios epigenéticos a gran escala muestran la promesa de identificar marcadores de metilación relacionados con el TAG.
- La replicación y el control cuidadoso de los confusores ambientales, como el tabaquismo, son cruciales para obtener hallazgos confiables.
- La investigación futura requiere tamaños de muestra más grandes, análisis estratificados por ascendencia y la consideración de covariables para mejorar la interpretabilidad de los marcadores epigenéticos periféricos en fenotipos psiquiátricos.
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