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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Evidencia de perfiles reducidos de diversidad de secuencias del receptor de células T somáticas entre los amish del
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|February 6, 2026
Resumen
La enfermedad de Alzheimer de inicio tardío (LOAD) involucra el sistema inmunitario adaptativo. Se observó una diversidad reducida del receptor de células T (TCR) en personas con LOAD y deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI), particularmente cuando se vincula con niveles elevados de p-tau181.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neuroinmunología
- Medicina Geriátrica
- Genética
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad de Alzheimer de inicio tardío (LOAD) es una demencia común en adultos mayores, caracterizada por placas de amiloide-β y ovillos neurofibrilares.
- Si bien se desconocen las causas exactas de LOAD, la evidencia emergente sugiere un papel del sistema inmunitario adaptativo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la diversidad de secuencias del receptor de células T (TCR) y los alelos del antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA) en relación con el estado cognitivo en una cohorte amish del medio oeste.
- Explorar posibles asociaciones entre marcadores inmunes y la patogénesis de LOAD.
Principales métodos:
- Inmunosecuenciación de la cadena beta del TCR a partir de ADN genómico de 72 participantes amish del medio oeste en diferentes espectros cognitivos (LOAD, MCI, CINAD, cognitivamente no afectados).
- Análisis de métricas de diversidad de secuencias de TCR y frecuencias de alelos HLA.
- Correlación de la diversidad de TCR con biomarcadores plasmáticos (p-tau181) en un subconjunto de participantes.
Principales resultados:
- La diversidad de secuencias de TCR, medida por la clonalidad de Simpson, fue menor en los participantes con LOAD+MCI en comparación con los no LOAD, aunque no de forma independiente de la edad.
- Se infra-representaron alelos HLA específicos (HLA-A*03:01, HLA-DRB1) en LOAD+MCI, pero las asociaciones perdieron significancia después de los ajustes.
- En los participantes con LOAD+MCI con datos de plasma disponibles, el aumento de p-tau181 se asoció significativamente con una disminución de la diversidad de secuencias de TCR, independientemente de la edad.
Conclusiones:
- Las asociaciones observadas entre la diversidad de TCR y el estado cognitivo en esta muestra respaldan la participación del sistema inmunitario adaptativo en LOAD.
- La diversidad de secuencias de TCR puede servir como un biomarcador potencial para LOAD, particularmente cuando se considera junto con otros marcadores patológicos como p-tau181.
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